Electoral competition in Europe's new tripolar political space: Class voting for the left,centre‐right and radical right

The rise of the radical right fundamentally changes the face of electoral competition in Western Europe. Bipolar competition is becoming tripolar, as the two dominant party poles of the twentieth century – the left and the centre‐right – are challenged by a third pole of the radical right. Between 2000 and 2015, the radical right has secured more than 12 per cent of the vote in over ten Western European countries. This article shows how electoral competition between the three party poles plays out at the micro level of social classes. It presents a model of class voting that distinguishes between classes that are a party's preserve, classes that are contested strongholds of two parties and classes over which there is an open competition. Using seven rounds of the European Social Survey, it shows that sociocultural professionals form the party preserve of the left, and large employers and managers the preserve of the centre‐right. However, the radical right competes with the centre‐right for the votes of small business owners, and it challenges the left over its working‐class stronghold. These two contested strongholds attest to the co‐existence of old and new patterns of class voting. Old patterns are structured by an economic conflict: Production workers vote for the left and small business owners for the centre‐right based on their economic attitudes. In contrast, new patterns are linked to the rise of the radical right and structured by a cultural conflict.     

基于个体-环境匹配理论的工作压力管理

文中从个体一环境匹配的工作压力理论出发,分析当前管理实践中存在的职员压力问题,对职员压力现状、压力源以及工作压力对职员个人和组织的影响进行总结,试提出有效进行压力管理的策略。     

‘Who were those People?’: The Labour Party and the Invisibility of the Working Class

Labour’s historic cross-class alliance of ‘workers by hand and by brain’ has endured a hundred years, but it has never looked so vulnerable as today. Brexit, in particular, has spectacularly exposed—and widened—a crack in the alliance. On opposite sides of the argument sits a high proportion of the Labour party’s working-class supporters (the so-called ‘left behinds’) and the liberal and relatively affluent middle classes (the so-called ‘metropolitan elites’). Much of the traction in the Brexit debate was, and still is, achieved through ‘identity politics’. But where the question of class is concerned, this is not as new as it can sometimes seem. No one used the term ‘identity politics’ in the early twentieth century, but Labour representation, from the very start, had an important psychological dimension to it. It exploited a formidable and tenacious working class desire ‘to be counted’ and not be pushed into the shadows of public life. The notions of respect and humiliation (or outraged respect) continued to provide vital sources of fuel in the growth of the Labour Party for the next fifty years, and beyond. If the party is to have a future, it will need to get to grips with the feeling of many of its traditional supporters that they do not count anymore. And to better understand that feeling, it could look with profit to its own past for guidance.     

青少年学生社会适应能力的自我培养

要培养青少年学生良好的社会适应能力,首先必须充分认识青少年学生适应社会的重要性,全面了解影响青少年学生社会适应的因素.最重要的是青少年学生社会适应能力的自我培养,即通过自己的主动性学习,自我培养各种社会适应能力,主要包括现实知觉能力、自我认知能力等.     

论领导干部的精神状态

领导干部的精神状态,在很大程度上决定着一个地方或部门的兴衰成败,是其综合素质的集中体现.领导干部要始终保持蓬勃向上的朝气,昂扬奋发的锐气,廉洁奉公的正气,与时俱进的勇气和忠诚理想的底气,就必须加强全面的修养.     

对保持和发展工人阶级先进性的思考

在市场经济的新形势下,工会工作必须与时俱进,融入中心。要在加快企业跨越式发展上有新成效;要在充分发挥民主管理作用上有新起色;要在不断扩大组织发展会员上有新突破;要在积极构建企业和谐稳定环境上有新作为;要在努力增强工会组织自身能力水平上有新提高。只有这样,工会工作才能适应改革发展新形势的要求,更好地体现和保持先进性。     

当前就业问题形成的相关因素分析与政策选择

就业形势日益严峻,失业群体不断涌现,已成为当前我国和谐社会发展的一个重要障碍。只有强化政府责任,优化就业结构,提升就业、再就业能力,构建公共就业服务体系,才能为更好地解决就业问题拓开路径,进而推进社会主义和谐社会建设。     

论高职英语教学中社会文化能力的培养

高职英语教学的目标是培养学生的语言应用能力。语言的学习离不开特定的社会文化环境,在语言教学过程中忽视社会文化能力的培养,就会在跨文化交际中产生"文化休克"现象。高职英语教学应重视培养学生的社会文化能力,使文化教学和语言教学相辅相成,最终达到语言为交际服务的目的。     

公司侵权能力与侵权责任探讨

确定由公司承担侵权责任的两个关键性的问题,一是公司侵权行为的构成要件,即认定公司侵权行为的标准,以区分公司的侵权行为和对外代表公司的自然人的个人侵权行为,从而确定责任的最终承担者;二是如何科学地界定法人的责任和其内部成员的责任,以使责任主体适格,使真正的责任人受到追究,从而维护公司的利益。     

对我国社区矫正机构设置的思考

社区矫正已经成为我国刑事法制改革的一个必然选择。在我国社区矫正试点开展三年多的时间里,尽管成绩有目共睹,但更主要的任务应在于发现存在的问题,为我国进一步深化刑罚改革提供思路。目前,在试点中管理机构由公安机关向司法行政机关转变出现的“执法主体”和“工作主体”分离的模式,相对以前无疑是一个进步,但已经逐渐暴露出许多问题。从长远来看,这种模式必将成为制约社区矫正发展的瓶颈。