Belief in a Just World and Commitment to Long-Term Deserved Outcomes

We investigated whether people need to believe in a just world in part because such a belief helps people to work toward long-term goals and to do so in such a way that they are deserved. We assessed participants' long-term goal focus and also their commitment to deserving their outcomes (via a psychopathy scale). In a second session, participants were then exposed to a victim whose situation did or did not contradict a belief in a just world. When the victim's situation contradicted a belief in a just world, the greater the participants' tendency to focus on long-term outcomes, the more they blamed the victim for her misfortune; but this relation only occurred for participants with a strong commitment to deserving their outcomes (i.e., those low in psychopathy). The results are consistent with our argument that, given the function of the belief in a just world proposed in this article, people would have a greater need to preserve the belief (e.g., by blaming victims of injustice) the greater their investment in long-term and deserved outcomes.     

Belief in a Just World,Causal Attributions,and Adjustment to Sexual Violence

What influence do the personal belief in a just world (i.e., the perception that one usually gets what one deserves) and different kinds of causal attributions have on adjustment to sexual violence? Using a sample of N = 62 victims of sexual aggression (mean age = 21.7) it was shown that respondents were better able to adjust to their experience of sexual violence the higher their personal belief in a just world. Moreover, the more respondents attributed their victimization to situational circumstances (external attributions) and the less they attributed their victimization to their character and personality (characterological self-attributions), the less they felt distressed by past victimization. The degree to which participants attributed their victimization to their own concrete behavior (behavioral self-attribution) was not related to their adjustment. Further analyses showed that the influence of the personal belief in a just world was mediated by the three attribution styles. Additionally, the adaptiveness of external attributions was moderated by participants’ just world belief.     

我国现阶段"涉黑"职务犯罪现象分析

黑社会性质组织犯罪与职务犯罪是对社会构成严重危害的两类犯罪,"涉黑" 职务犯罪更是黑社会性质组织犯罪与腐败联姻的高级犯罪形态。本文通过文献调研结合个案 分析,从五个方面对我国现阶段的"涉黑"职务犯罪现象进行了剖析:犯罪主体特征、犯罪性质 及触犯罪名、黑社会性质组织与"涉黑"职务犯罪人的关系、黑社会性质组织勾结国家工作人员 的行为方式以及黑金政治。     

论庄子的生态环境伦理思想

作为伦理学发展的重要前沿之一的生态环境伦理,已经成为关系人类生存发展的重要理论领域.而早在庄子的思想中就已经存在着许多优秀的生态环境伦理思想.如"物无贵贱"、"道法自然"、"物我两忘"等等.这些思想对今天生态环境伦理的研究,有着十分重要的意义.     

把握入世契机加大我国保险业开放力度

应对加入世贸组织带来的冲击与挑战,我国保险业必须要按照国际规范,适时制定对外开放新战略,尤其应充分利用GATS为发展中国家确定的特殊待遇,采用"梯度开放"策略,以壮大实力,扩大经营范围,为全面开放我国保险市场创造条件.同时,应积极练好内功,才能保证我国保险业在国际同期市场的竞争中立于不败之地.     

对我国实施国民待遇原则的几点思考

世界贸易组织的基本原则是国民待遇原则。这就要求我国必须对现有的非国民待遇状况进行一定的调整,以适应和遵循世界贸易组织的基本规则,进一步扩大对外贸易和利用外资。     

Justice and emotional reactions to the disadvantaged

Various attitutidinal, cognitive, emotional, and actional reactions to problems and needs of less fortunate people (unemployed, poor people in the developing countries, foreign workers in West Germany) were assessed in a questionnaire study with 865 respondents. The external validity of self-report data was established by external ratings. The focus was on emotional reactions (existential guilt, sympathy, moral outrage because of unjust disadvantages, anger about the disadvantaged, contentment with one's own advantages, fear of losing these, hopelessness with respect to the fate of the less fortunate). Several justice-related variables (beliefs, views, appraisals) as well as responsibility-related variables and social attitudes were assessed as predictors of emotions. The importance of justice-related variables for the arousal of different social emotions was clearly shown. The use and usefulness of cognitive models of discrete emotions is discussed. The impact of emotions on the readiness to various forms of prosocial activities in favor of the less fortunate was also shown: Moral outrage and existential guilt proved to be much more salient predictors than sympathy. Crucial differences between these three prosocial emotions as well as the impact of justice-related variables on readiness to prosocial activities are discussed.     

论胡锦涛和谐世界思想的提出与实践

胡锦涛和谐世界思想的提出有深刻的国际、国内背景。它是中国缓解世界矛盾、促进世界和谐的一种尝试,是国内构建和谐社会、追求和平发展的自然延伸和迫切需要,也是中国综合国力上升,外交日益成熟、自信的产物。这一思想的提出有着坚实的基础,它根植于深厚的中国传统文化积淀,是对中国和平外交政策的继承与升华,也符合马克思主义关于共产主义的伟大理想。中国不仅是和谐世界的提倡者,也是和谐世界的忠实实践者。     

中国世界文化遗产的保护与旅游开发--以敦煌莫高窟为例

敦煌莫高窟超负荷旅游承载力出现危机,洞窟内“环境疲劳”、“体质恶化”,景区内部的“城市化”和景区外围的“孤岛化”,使遗产资源的保护受到威胁。为此,中美两国专家采用高科技手段,通过壁画数字化拍摄以及洞窟虚拟漫游,建立了敦煌石窟文物电子档案,这一技术不但为永久性、高精度保存石窟艺术找到了可靠途径,而且为其他濒危古遗址的贮存和再现创造了机遇。     

马克思世界历史理论观照下的能力建设思想

党的十六届四中全会提出加强执政能力建设,核心内容是关于“能力建设”的思想,这是党的执政理念的重大提升,也是国家发展战略的进一步完善。“能力建设”思想有其特定的历史方位,它是对马克思世界历史理论的进一步发挥。文章旨在从马克思世界历史理论的视角,进一步揭示世界历史理论与“能力建设”的关系,阐明能力建设思想的科学内涵,从而提炼出“能力建设”思想所体现的方法论意义。