解读文化外交:一种学理分析

文化外交是促进国家间、人民间相互理解与信任,构建和提升本国国际形象与软实力的一种有效外交形式。相互性、长期性和诚实性,构成文化外交的主要属性。文化外交源于文化关系而“高”过之;突出双向交流与相互沟通,而异于公共外交那种单向信息输出和强行价值灌输的特征。学术界对它的关注和研究在不断升温,但其理论体系的建构和实际地位的确定仍需不断深化。对文化外交的解读,旨在警惕文化外交冷战模式的再现,尽力使之回归本质,为推动国家之间、人民之间的相互理解和信任而用,为建构一个和谐的世界而用。     

“宪政是民主政治”论对宪政的负面影响

"宪政是民主政治"是一个在我国广为流传的、在理论上有缺陷的、对当代中国的宪政建设实践也有负面影响的传统宪政定义."宪政是民主政治"论在理论上的主要缺陷有:它偏离了宪政的主要价值目标;它不能解释民主"异化"为"多数暴政"的问题;它不能解释"有民主,无宪政"的历史事实;它把民主作为宪政概念的唯一构成要素是理论上的独断."宪政是民主政治"论对当代中国宪政建设实践的负面影响主要是:它阻碍了我国宪政分权制度的确立;它阻碍了我国违宪审查制度的建立;它妨碍了宪政观念在我国社会的传播.因此,中国要建设真正意义上的宪政国家就必须修正或放弃"宪政是民主政治"论.     

Weak and Ineffective? Reassessing the Party Political Leadership of John Major

Interpretations on the party political leadership of John Major are dominated by perceptions of weakness and ineffectiveness. This article examines his party political leadership by considering the relationship between, first, his political ambitions, and, second, his style of political leadership. When evaluating the political ambitions of Major, the article will demonstrate that he was ideologically agnostic and a political pragmatist. When examining his party political leadership style, the article will demonstrate, via an examination of his management of the European policy divide and his Cabinet management, that he was politically indecisive and an avoider of political confrontation. The article concludes, however, that perceptions of his weakness and ineffectiveness should be contextualised due to the following two factors: first, the constraints of inheriting an ideologically divided parliamentary Conservative party; and, second, the contrasting circumstances that ensured that his predecessor and successor appeared strong and effective, which have magnified perceptions of his weakness and ineffectiveness.     

中国共产党社会主义民主理论的发展

民主是随着国家的产生而出现的,它同许多政治现象一样,本身也有一个发展变化的过程。马克思主义经典作家在建立马克思主义国家学说和探索无产阶级民主的过程中,对民主有过深入的研究,多层次多侧面地论述过民主问题,对民主的内涵作出了科学的解释。毛泽东关于社会主义民主政治建设的一系列思想观点,对我国的社会主义民主政治建设起了巨大的指导作用,丰富和发展了马克思主义的民主理论。在社会主义建设的新时期,邓小平、江泽民和胡锦涛同志则把中国特色社会主义民主理论和民主政治建设推向了一个新阶段。     

论意识王国基础性事实

羁人意识总是在表现着对人显现着的实在性,此即意识王国的基础性事实,也是哲学研究的原始起点。“意识是实在性的反映”与“实在性的反映是意识”是意识王国基础性事实两端各为主体自身的反思规定性,是其两端联结的不同反思形式。哲学基本问题,便是意识王国基础性事实两端的相关性,而实在性是否可知的问题既是哲学基本问题内涵的真谛所在,同时也是意识王国基础性事实的基本问题。本体论、认识论和价值论,构成意识王国基础性事实的三个意识形式,是它的整个逻辑内容所是。哲学一般的完美整体．是哲学本体论、哲学认识论、哲学价值论三的内在统一,是意识王国基础性事实与其逻辑内容所是的内在统一。意识三国基础性事实．是贯通哲学整个逻辑内容的内在基石。     

明末至晚清世界地图在中国的传播和影响

世界地图在明清时期传播并成为中国人常识观念的一部分,经历了一个曲折的过程。其中的一个重要原因是文化心态上的认知障碍:历史上中国人一方面与异域的交往和对外部世界的了解不断扩展,同时却固守"华夏中心"的观念,认为自己不仅在诗书礼仪方面,而且在地理方位上也居于地球("天下")的中心。真正使中国人接受世界地图的,不是西方知识的传播,而是其枪炮。以传统天下观解体为契机,知识结构转换引发的价值危机构成了中国文化重建的历史起点。     

试析古代中国的天下观

“天下观”是古代中国思想界利用空间概念建构出的一套世界秩序观。它具有鲜明的人文和政治含义,既体现了“天下一家”的高级旨趣,又显示了森严的尊卑等级特征。作为产生于古代的、区域性的世界秩序观,对于改造当代民族国家体系虽有借鉴意义,但缺乏实际的可行性。     

巴基斯坦内政变化与外交调整

巴基斯坦独立以来,国内政治危机不断。穆沙拉夫执掌巴基斯坦政权后,采取种种举措,抓住有利的国际机遇,应对多变的国内外局势,使巴基斯坦国内政治和外交环境有了很大的改观,但是还存在着不少矛盾与问题。总的说来,巴基斯坦国内政治与外交环境正在逐渐适应时势的变化,在向和平与发展的道路上迈进。     

The politics of history and historical memory in China-Japan relations

The current state of China-Japan relations is characterized by two seemingly contradictory developments adjacent to each other: while economic and cultural relations have experienced an unprecedented and continuous improvement since the 1980s, Chinese and Japanese public perceptions of each other have been deteriorating. This raises interesting questions. How do we explain this discrepancy and what are the sources of the increasing public animosity in China or Japan toward the other country? Can China and Japan maintain amicable relations and continue economic cooperation in spite of the enduring mistrust between their peoples? What is the role of public perception and memory of history in the foreign policies of East Asia? This paper addresses these questions, focusing especially on the last one — the role of history and collective historical memory in international relations and the interaction between public sentiment and government foreign policies. Through a detailed study of recent events and the issue of Japanese textbooks, the author argues that public perception of history can and should be guided toward more positive directions. Otherwise, it will be increasingly difficult to maintain amicable relations between the two countries, especially when new nationalism is on the rise in both counties.     

论帮助犯罪分子逃避处罚罪之应然主体

对帮助犯罪分子逃避处罚罪主体范围的理解和适用,见仁见智。以罪刑法定为指导对本罪主体进行法条解析：本罪之应然主体以“身份说”为主,兼采“职权说”,皆以负有查禁犯罪的职责为前提。查禁犯罪活动是从调查、发现犯罪人或犯罪事实开始,到立案侦查、审查起诉这一过程的活动。负有查禁犯罪活动职责的各级党委机关中的政法委工作人员,不能成为本罪之主体。