书面询问制度在日本的移植及其启示

书面询问是德日民事诉讼中证人不出庭情况下的一种证据调查方法。与证人仅仅单方面提供书面证言不同,它通过书面问答的方式,尽可能实现法官与证人、当事人之间的实质交流。书面询问是直接主义、口头主义的例外,在适用条件和程序上有严格的限制,该方法与其他措施一起构成证人不出庭情况下的特殊证据调查体系。日本从德国移植该项制度并根据本国实际情况进行类型化设计,对我国相关司法问题的解决有重要启示。     

减刑假释案件开庭审理程序的完善

减刑假释案件的审理并不是一种纯粹的诉讼,而是对执行机关提出的减刑假释建议的一种司法审查。文章指出减刑假释审理程序应从四个方面加以完善,特殊罪犯减刑假释案件的庭审程序与普通罪犯相比应有所差异。     

A Clinical Trials Recruitment Education Program for Immigrant Chinese Americans

Abstract

This study was designed to develop and evaluate a community-based education program to facilitate enrollment of immigrant Chinese into clinical cancer screening trials. The program included workshops with culturally tailored health education materials. It was piloted to recruit persons into an ongoing lung cancer screening trial from a senior citizen center in Manhattan's Chinatown and compared with a control program at a second senior center. Survey results from a convenience sample of seniors showed that the workshop raised awareness about cancer screening and clinical trials. However, it did not change attitudes towards cancer screening. The results highlighted prior focus group findings in which factors influencing participation in cancer screening and clinical trials are similar. Important facilitative factors include doctor recommendation, friend/family recommendation, the belief that early detection could “save lives,” no cost, and having an-interpreter.     

Criminal Court-Ordered Psychiatric Evaluations:Does Gender Play a Role?

This study examines potential gender differences among defendants referred by criminal courts for psychiatric evaluations by analyzing demographic, clinical, and criminal history variables and evaluation findings. This study offers a large sample size of 718 females, as well as 3,627 males. Bivariate logistic regression and heterogeneity analyses were utilized to assess potential differences. Females were older; diagnosed more with mood, anxiety, and borderline personality disorders; less likely to have prior felony convictions; and more likely to be in the community than jail at the time of the evaluation. In addition, when controlling for other factors, females were more likely to be evaluated as having a mental disease or defect, to need hospitalization pending trial, and to be incompetent to stand trial.     

论台湾地区的交付审判制度

2002年,台湾地区在建立改良式当事人主义的总体目标下,以德国的强制起诉制度和日本的准起诉制度为蓝本,于《刑事诉讼法》中创设了交付审判制度,以监督、制衡检察官的不起诉权限。不过,该制度自创设以来,不论是学说上对其违反控审分离原则的批评,还是对其一连串具体制度运行可行性的质疑,都使这一制度陷入了困境。因此,在研究交付审判制度时,除了对这一制度加以介绍外,对其进行适度的反思也是必不可少的。     

民事庭审程序中的若干问题研究

民事庭审是整个诉讼活动的核心,庭审制度改革是诉讼改革的契机和重要内容,其成败直接关系到司法公正与诉讼效率问题。因此对于集中审理和举证时限的关系、法庭调查和法庭辩论的分立、法庭调查的控制以及法官认证等问题从理论和实践层面进行分析,对于民事庭审程序改革具有十分重要的意义。     

Long‐Run Labor Market Effects of the Job Corps Program: Evidence from a Nationally Representative Experiment

Job Corps is the nation's largest and most comprehensive career technical training and education program for at‐risk youth ages 16 to 24. Using the sample from a large‐scale experiment of the program from the mid‐1990s, this article uses tax data through 2015 (20 years later) to examine long‐term labor market impacts. The study finds some long‐term beneficial effects for the older students, with employment gains of 4 percentage points, 40 percent reductions in disability benefit receipt, and 10 percent increases in tax filing rates in 2015. For these students, program benefits exceeded program costs from the social perspective. This study is the first to establish that a national program for disconnected youth can produce long‐term labor market gains, and can be a positive investment made for society. The results suggest that intensive, comprehensive services that focus on developing both cognitive and noncognitive skills are important for improving labor market prospects for this population.     

The Use of the MacCAT-CA with Adolescents: An Item Response Theory Investigation of Age-Related Measurement Bias

Despite the application of the MacCAT-CA to juveniles, questions been raised regarding the appropriateness of this tool for adolescents. The current study tested for age-related measurement bias using data from the MacArthur Juvenile Adjudicative Competence Study (n = 1393). Five of the MacCAT-CA items showed age-related measurement bias (i.e., DIF) for adolescents aged 11–15, and three items showed DIF for adolescents aged 16–17. Several items (e.g., understanding of juries) were more difficult for adolescents than adults matched at the same latent level of capacity, suggesting that these items might underestimate adolescents’ legal capacities. Contrary to expectations, there was little evidence of age-related measurement bias on the Appreciation scale. The use of the MacCAT-CA in research and clinical settings is discussed.

清代州县审断的灵活性——以清代南部县档案中“判词”为例

分析清代川省南部县档案中的"判词"在知县审断中的运用、形式、内容以及作用等呈现出的特征,可以揭示有清基层衙门在审断纠纷上与中央官厅的不同面向,进而从审断中表达知县态度的文本——"判词"——这一侧面,说明了至少清季州县在纠纷审断上所具有的,也是当下司法所不具有的灵活性或自主性。     

三种刑事审判对象模式之比较研究

英美法系诉因模式的基本特点是刑事审判对象是诉因,法官和检察官原则上无权变更诉因;大陆法系公诉事实模式的基本特点是刑事审判对象是公诉事实,法官有权在公诉事实同一的范围内变更指控罪名;日本公诉事实同一下的诉因模式的基本特点是刑事审判对象是诉因,检察官有权在公诉事实同一范围内变更诉因。三种刑事审判对象模式之间的差异导致它们在不同诉讼价值的实现上各有优劣,刑事审判对象模式上的差异根源于审判方式上的差异。随着审判方式的相互吸收和融合,刑事审判对象模式之间的差异逐渐变小。