社会需求导向下公共管理类本科人才培养目标的再定位——以陕西省高校为例

当前公共管理类本科人才培养模式不能完全适应社会需求的根本原因是培养目标与社会需求脱节。应理清学术型人才与应用创新型人才划分、应用创新型人才层次与高校类型等问题。创新公共管理类本科人才培养模式,必须以需求为导向,对培养目标进行再定位,即从社会需求出发,将当前单一学术的"h"型的培养目标转变为应用创新的"H"型公共管理类本科人才培养目标。并通过对培养规格的再定位,建立与社会需求相适应的应用创新能力结构、知识结构和素质结构,使公共管理类本科人才成为既适应政府部门,又适应非政府部门和企事业组织的应用创新型人才。     

《史记》中的人才思想及其当代启示

《史记》全面记载了西汉以前中国古代社会政治、经济、军事、哲学等多方面丰富的知识,恢弘壮阔,博大精深,其中的人才思想对社会主义建设非常具有启示价值。在当今人才辈出,人才竞争最为激烈和人才推动科学发展的时代,各级领导干部必须切实担当"伯乐"之职,察人不惑于利诱,识才不拘于偏爱,荐才不论于亲疏,选才不惧于压力,用才不囿于私念,真正做到不偏不倚识人才,唯才是举荐人才,不拘一格用人才。     

Kenneth B. Clark and the problem of power

ABSTRACT

During the early 1960s African American psychologist Kenneth B. Clark, known primarily for his involvement in the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education US Supreme Court desegregation decision, began organizing an ambitious anti-poverty programme called Harlem Youth Opportunities Unlimited, Inc. (HARYOU). Dissatisfied by the lack of progress in school desegregation in New York City and discouraged by the inability of traditional social welfare organizations to address the problems of race and poverty, Clark argued that a new approach had to be developed to mobilize the black poor to gain the political and economic power that would solve their problems. At the same time, he theorized that a new form of racial segregation was beginning to develop in urban areas that foreshadowed increasing social isolation, economic dependence and declining municipal services for many African Americans. He called this new development ‘internal colonialism’ and hoped that HARYOU would be a demonstration project in the Kennedy–Johnson administration's War on Poverty that would address these problems from multiple perspectives. Nonetheless, the plan aroused the political opposition of Harlem Congressman Adam Clayton Powell. The dispute with Powell drove Clark from HARYOU and caused him to re-evaluate his thinking regarding African American leadership. He increasingly viewed the ‘ghetto’ as both a prison and a cocoon that satisfied white and black social, economic, political and psychological needs. By the end of his HARYOU experience, Clark coined the term ‘the new American dilemma’ to describe and theorize about an increasingly isolated and powerless black population in many urban centres. The term also signified his belief that the problem of power was intricately tied up in, while also separate from, the problem of race.     

Gang Membership,Gun Carrying,and Employment: Applying Routine Activities Theory to Explain Violent Victimization Among Inner City,Minority Youth Living in Extreme Poverty∗

Conceptual inconsistencies in routine activities theory are illustrated by demonstrating how gang membership, gun carrying, and employment can be categorized as both risk and protective factors in a high‐poverty context. Two waves of longitudinal data from a high‐poverty sample of African American youth were used to examine the determinants of victimization risk. Bivariate analyses indicated that gang membership, gun carrying, and employment status are significant risk factors for violent victimization, but these effects were mediated by measures of lifestyles (e.g., demographic and family factors, deviant lifestyles) included as controls in the full multivariate model. In other words, the strong positive relationship between gang membership and gun carrying found in previous studies may be due to model misspecification and/or the lack of research on high‐poverty samples of inner city youth from the Deep South. Additional logistic regression analyses also indicate that the number of hours employed per week (but not employment status) is a risk factor for violent victimization. Finally, the theoretical implications of these findings for routine activities theory are discussed.     

Local Social Ties and Willingness to Intervene: Textured Views Among Violent Urban Youth of Neighborhood Social Control Dynamics and Situations

Social control in urban neighborhoods has been studied for over a century in America, yet our understanding of the dynamic nature of social relations for exerting informal social control remains limited. The present study uses detailed reports from those most likely to be the target of local control efforts—violent youth in extremely disadvantaged urban locations—to re‐examine two features of this work: variations across different hypothetical scenarios widely used in this research, and connections between local ties and intervention type and likelihood in actual events. In‐depth qualitative interviews from 159 violent males aged 16–24 from two distressed New York City neighborhoods identify ways in which responses to commonly used scenarios of informal social control are age‐ and space‐graded. Reports on the transactional nature of social control in violent events show how local ties may undermine, rather than support, social control processes. It would appear that we need to consider more carefully general suggestions about local ties encouraging more informal social control, move to a more textured, multithreaded view of these connections, and incorporate age‐ and space‐graded dynamics into future studies of social control.     

International Research on Gender Differences in Higher Education： An Inspiration to China＇s Cultivation of High-Potential Female Talent

女大学生是中国女性高层次人才的重要后备力量。伴随着越来越多的女性进入高等学校的大门,我们需要进一步关注高等教育过程中的性别差异问题。本文通过介绍西方女性主义学者对传统人的发展理论的批判,以及对高等教育过程中存在的性别差异及其影响因素的分析,以期对中国女性高层后备人才培养机制的发展有所启发。     

Representative and Useful? An Empirical Assessment of the Representative Nature and Impact of the Scottish Youth Parliament

Youth parliaments provide a channel for young people to engage positively with the political system and benefit themselves and their communities. Using survey data of former members of the Scottish Youth Parliament (SYP), and comparing them with a variety of population data, the paper investigates whether the SYP is representative of the Scottish population, and whether engagement with the youth parliament has had an impact on members' personal and skills development, and associational activities in later life. Results suggest that former members of the youth parliament are representative of the general population and that personal and skills development has been high. In addition, an overwhelming majority of former members perceive positive impacts from their experiences. However, volunteering, although higher among former members compared with the population, is disproportionately favoured by the very same social groups that are known to volunteer more. The authors interpret this as evidence that the SYP has some way to go towards engendering volunteerism. These results are likely to be of interest to those who are either studying or engaging the younger generation in activities that sustain a healthy democratic regime.     

加入WTO与共青团工作的思考

去年 12月 ,中国正式成为世贸组织新成员。入世后 ,中国的社会、经济面貌将会发生许多变化 ,共青团工作也随之要面对许多新的工作领域。这些工作领域主要有 :重视青年人力资源的开发 ;组织农村青年 ,搞专业化生产、产业化经营 ;帮助青年开拓就业渠道 ;引导青年树立新的观念。     

新媒体时代青年工作面对“六个新逻辑”的思考

青年工作受到来自新媒体技术引发的“技术、市场、资本、社交、劳动、组织”等六个全新的且相互关联的逻辑影响,面对着“系统性压力”。实践中须遵循习近平总书记关于青年工作的重要思想对青年工作引领,充分思量青年工作面对的严峻“形式和任务”,重新“定位和评估”新媒体对中国青年工作的影响。     

Realising the Right to Health for Young People in South Africa—Some Reflections

Abstract

The right to health is enshrined in the South African Constitution as well as a range of international and regional human rights treaties which South Africa accepts. Yet empirical data reveals some of the challenges faced by South African youth—childhood diseases, HIV/AIDS and such like. There are evidently challenges realising the right to health in practice. Nevertheless, South African courts have led the international field in recognising the justiciability of economic and social rights such as the right to health. Having reviewed the applicable laws and jurisprudence, the paper will conclude that a more holistic human rights-based approach offers perhaps the best way forward.