Reflections on the development of the nota policy ‘working with adults and adolescents who exhibit sexually abusive behaviours: The use of sexually salient and pornographic materials’

Abstract

In 1994 the Policy and Ethics Sub-Committee of The National Association for the Development of Work with Sex Offenders developed and published a policy on the use of ‘sexually salient and pornographic’ materials in working with adults and adolescents who exhibited sexually abusive behaviours. Here, Alix Brown, one of the originators of this policy, reflects on the reasons it was brought into being and its relevance to sex offender treatment now. The policy document follows this article.     

法国检察院的面孔

法国检察院的历史发展受本国政治运动的影响深刻，并且一直是该国权力体系中的重要组成部分。1958年的宪法确立了当前法国检察院同时具有司法机关和行政机关双重属性的混合地位，但随之引发了多年的争议和一次又一次试图使检察院的公诉活动摆脱行政权干预的运动。进入21世纪之后，法国检察院的权限表现出明显的扩张趋势，甚至在某些领域内开始分享传统上只能由法官享有的自由裁量权。另一方面，检察院内部的层级化特征越发明显，而其在行政机关面前的自主性也进一步丧失。     

Health-care reform in Alberta

Abstract: Over the past forty years, the Canadian health-care system has undergone many changes and realized many achievements. Universal coverage, organizational simplicity, high status of health together with a high level of public satisfaction indicate success of the system. And yet, the health-care system began to show signs of strain. Changing consumer expectations, mounting health-care expenditures and a continued emphasis on the institutional sector contributed to the down-side of the success. In response to this, the Alberta government initiated fundamental reform of this complex system. This paper chronicles Alberta's approach in reforming and restructuring the health-care system. It reviews a number of developmental and policy initiatives that set the stage for a health-care reform mind-set in the province. It reviews Alberta's approach to health-care reform from its initial stages to the development of the first Three-Year Business Plan for Health through to the formation of a regionalized health-care system. The paper concludes by offering some preliminary observations of this reform process. Sommaire: Au cours des quarante dernières années, le réseau des soins de santé au Canada a subi de nombreux changements et a beaucoup réalisé. La couverture universelle, la simplicité organisationnelle, un excellent standard de santé ainsi qu'un niveau élevé de satisfaction du public sont autant d'indices de réussite du système. Et pourtant, le réseau des soins de santé a commencéà révéler des symptômes problématiques. L'évolution des attentes des consommateurs, l'augmentation des dépenses consacrées à la santé ainsi que l'accent placé sur le secteur institutionnel sont venus grever ce succès. Pour faire face à ces changements, le gouvernement de l'Alberta a lancé une réforme fondamentale de ce réseau complexe. Cet article présente l'approche de l'Alberta en matière de réforme et de restructuration du réseau des soins de santé. II passe en revue un certain nombre d'initiatives de politique et de développement qui ont obtenu l'appui du public pour la réforme du système. L'article examine la méthodologie de l'Alberta en matière de réforme des soins de santé, à partir de ses premières étapes jusquapos;à la mise au point du premier plan de fonctionnement triennal pour la Santé, et l'établissement d'un systéme de santé régionalisé En conclusion, l'article présente quelques observations préliminaires sur ce processus de réforme.     

“The roughest form of social work:” How court officials justify bail decisions

Growing research has analyzed quantitative patterns of bail decisions and outcomes, but we know far less about how court officials justify their bail decisions. To enhance understanding of how bail decisions—and their resulting pretrial outcomes—are generated, we interviewed 104 judges, prosecutors, and public defenders in a northeastern state. Court officials in our study reported three primary justifications at bail: ensuring defendants return to court, preventing crime, and lessening harm. The first two justifications have been suggested in the literature, but the latter is novel and encompasses two secondary justifications: lessening criminal legal system harm and lessening societal harm. We show how these justifications and the decisions they enable blend risk management with rehabilitation and emerge from court officials’ shared assumption of defendants’ social marginality but varied beliefs about what to do about such marginality pretrial. Each justification allows for distinct, but at times overlapping, bail decisions. We discuss the implications of our findings for theories of court official decision-making, research on racial and socioeconomic inequality, and bail reform policy.     

Do Alternative Base Periods Increase Unemployment Insurance Receipt Among Low‐Educated Unemployed Workers?

Unemployment Insurance (UI) is the major social insurance program that protects against lost earnings resulting from involuntary unemployment. Existing literature finds that low‐earning unemployed workers experience difficulty accessing UI benefits. The most prominent policy reform designed to increase rates of monetary eligibility, and thus UI receipt, among these unemployed workers is the Alternative Base Period (ABP). In 2009, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act sought to increase use of the ABP, making ABP adoption a necessary precondition for states to receive their share of the $7 billion targeted at UI programs. By January 2013, 40 states and the District of Columbia had adopted the ABP despite the absence of an evaluation of ABP efficacy using nationally representative data. This study analyzes Current Population Survey data from 1987 to 2011 to assess the efficacy of the ABP in increasing UI receipt among low‐educated unemployed workers. We used a natural‐experiment design to capture the combined behavioral and mechanical effects of the policy change. We found no association between state‐level ABP adoption and individual UI receipt for all unemployed workers. However, among part‐time unemployed workers with less than a high school degree, adoption of the ABP was associated with a 2.8 percentage point increase in the probability of UI receipt.     

A Post-Parsimonious Proposition

This article is at once a critique, a challenge, and a risk, first in the form of instructive parody, moving on to engage more seriously with the critique of “parsimonious” social science embedded within it, and finally suggesting ways to embrace and advance a legacy of new political science. Employing satire, the article begins by outlining the various methods within the field of mainstream political science currently being used to tackle the (impossible) empirical project of exploring an “ideal world.” Next, although protocol cautions emerging political scientists to tread lightly with critiques of entrenched methods, established scholarship, and renowned journals, it argues that substantive analyses of this less than “ideal world” are still urgently interwoven with provocative interrogation of this less than ideal discipline. Beyond critique however, the goal of this commentary is both to affirm the risk-taking trajectory of “new” political science that has beckoned many into the field and to insist upon the continuation of this forward move(ment): opening up space for, and claiming as political responsibility, a stake in methodological creativity and a more robust set of political associations.     

The Alabama Structured Assessment of Treatment Completion for insanity acquittes (The AlaSATcom)

The most complex and risky decisions made by forensic psychiatrists revolve around the decision to release insanity acquittes from custody. This decision has several levels of risk, including the potential liability to the psychiatrist as well as the possible risk to the community. A single bad outcome, even if not predictable, can have disastrous results, not only for victims, but also for the releasing facility. Since predicting violence has so many problems, we chose to look at completeness of treatment instead, so we could say to the Court, "We don't know about violence, but we do know that he has vastly improved." Since many NGRI (Not Guilty by Reason of Insanity) patients spend years in the hospital, they are also expensive. They have rights, as well; therefore the complex assessment must be done as quickly and as accurately as possible. We have developed a spread sheet program to compare these multiple factors, and have compared it against the clinical decisions we have made in more than 100 discharges. We believe this gives a framework for decision-making that will increase the consistency of this process.     

A sublime,yet disputed,object of political ideology? Sufism in Pakistan at the crossroads

Muslim symbolic politics in Pakistan has been a much studied topic even though little is known about the specific role of Sufism, the mystical trend within Islam, in these complex dynamics. This article argues that this highly ambiguous and ambivalent category of Islamic discourse, covering a wide spectrum of beliefs and practices, has often been tapped as a political resource, instrumentalised as a legitimising tool by both state and non-state actors and played a major role in the ideological debates on the place of Islam in Pakistani state and society, especially since the beginning of the ‘War on Terror’.