排序方式: 共有14条查询结果,搜索用时 125 毫秒
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Dezhbakhsh Hashem; Rubin Paul H.; Shepherd Joanna M. 《American Law and Economics Review》2003,5(2):344-376
Evidence on the deterrent effect of capital punishment is importantfor many states that are currently reconsidering their positionon the issue. We examine the deterrent hypothesis by using county-level,postmoratorium panel data and a system of simultaneous equations.The procedure we employ overcomes common aggregation problems,eliminates the bias arising from unobserved heterogeneity, andprovides evidence relevant for current conditions. Our resultssuggest that capital punishment has a strong deterrent effect;each execution results, on average, in eighteen fewer murderswitha margin of error of plus or minus ten. Tests show that resultsare not driven by tougher sentencing laws and are robust tomany alternative specifications. 相似文献
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Ghada Barsoum 《国际公共行政管理杂志》2016,39(3):205-215
Young people in Egypt want to work in the public sector, even if they get less pay there than at the private sector. This article seeks to explain the attractiveness of public-sector jobs to this group, embedding this experience within the literature and theorization on public service motivation (PSM) and discussing its relevance. Issues of trust, respect, and social status are reflected in the discourse of interviewed youth about this job preference. A generation-held and culturally-ingrained appreciation among the educated to work in the public sector also contributes to this sector preference. Qualitative and quantitative data also show that extrinsic benefits of job security and stability are also pivotal to this preference. The analysis in the article suggests a holistic reading of motivational factors to join the public sector in contexts of job scarcity and labor surplus. 相似文献
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Ghada Jayyusi-Lehn 《British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies》2002,29(2):121-135
Although less technical philosophically than many of al-Kindi¯'s known treatises, this Epistle remains basic for understanding the spirit that underlies his thinking. Socratic, yet very Kindian in spirit, this Epistle displays its author's tendency to harmonize Greek philosophy and Islam, particularly as this relates to ethics, and his belief in man's free will and reason. To him, sorrows may be caused either by our own actions or by the actions of others. It is up to us to choose to do or not to do what saddens us. Through reason we can eliminate some of the causes of sorrow when we perceive the intellectual world, and derive from it things desired. Though this Epistle has a significant share of the linguistic and stylistic complexities characteristic of al-Kindi¯'s writing, it is hoped that the present translation will facilitate its comprehension. Its title in Arabic is Risa¯ la Ya'qub b. Isha¯ q al-Kindi¯Fi¯al-Hi¯la li-Daf' al-Ahza¯n. 相似文献
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