In Search of Prudence: The Hidden Problem of Managerial Reform

This article argues that the concept of prudence can provide valuable insights into the problems of the New Public Management. Prudence, or practical wisdom, is the ability to make sound decisions under complex, ever-changeable conditions. Old-style bureaucracy severely limited the discretion of most administrators but preserved a site of true prudential judgment at the peak where discreet "mandarins" policed the boundary between politics and administration. The reforms that inaugurated New Public Management dismantled this site of prudence while simultaneously attempting, in effect, to disperse prudential judgment and action throughout the service. Though raising the problem of prudence, these reforms misconceived it as the problem of how to balance new freedoms with new controls to prevent abuse or folly. This essay argues that the introduction of market mechanisms, risk-management and cost-benefit techniques, ethics training, performance accountability, and calls to leadership were destined to fail because they misapprehended the problem of prudence.     

Pragmatic Federalism: Australian Federalism from Hawke to Howard

The article explores the nature of Australian federalism by examining four major themes in the period from Hawke to Howard. The investigation of these themes – Australian conceptions of federalism; the role of party in shaping federalism; the way problems and politics have influenced policy‐making and thereby federalism; and the nature of federal judicial review – suggests that Australian federalism can most accurately be characterised as pragmatic. It appears as a federalism shaped by pressing problems, specific policy agendas and the prevailing political dynamic, rather than by overarching conceptions of federalism derived from political theory or articulated in party ideology. This pragmatic federalism explains important aspects of Australian federalism, especially the trend towards centralisation of authority.     

Melancholy and Amnesia: Tocqueville's Influence on Australian Democratic Theory

The paper looks at the influence of Alexis de Tocqueville's Democracy in America on Australian democracy. It argues that the way Tocqueville approached democracy in America – the questions he posed, the problems he saw, the predictions he made – were influential for subsequent thinkers who examined the newer democracies such as Australia. To bring to light this Tocquevillian influence the paper examines two major works that have Democracy in America as their implicit or acknowledged theoretical starting point: Bryce's Modern Democracies and Hancock's Australia.     

The 1st Annual Awards for Action on HIV/AIDS and Human Rights

The 1st Annual Awards for Action on HIV/AIDS and Human Rights were awarded to the Vancouver Area Network of Drug Users and to Dr. Wan Yanhai, a Chinese physician and activist. The international attention and media coverage of the awards was heightened by the fact that the Chinese government had detained Dr. Wan for disclosing information about unsanitary blood collection practices in Henan province. An international outcry led to Dr. Wan's release on 20 September 2002.     

Randomized controlled trial proves effectiveness of methadone maintenance treatment in prison

A study on methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) undertaken by the Correctional Service of Canada in 2001 demonstrated that MMT has a positive impact on release outcome and on institutional behaviour. Now, a new study undertaken in an Australian prison system has demonstrated that MMT also reduces drug use and injection in prisons. The implications of this study are far reaching. They suggest that in all jurisdictions where community-based programs operate, prison-based methadone programs should be introduced or expanded.     

Australian discussion paper on prison needle exchange programs released

The Australian Injecting and Illicit Drug Users League (AIVL) recently released a discussion paper on prison-based needle exchange or distribution programs, expressing concern "about the gaps in service provision and neglect for the health and human rights of injecting and illicit drug users within the Australian prison systems."