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1.
Louis Lebel Jianchu Xu Ram C. Bastakoti Amrita Lamba 《International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics》2010,10(4):355-375
How water should be managed in Monsoon Asia is emerging as one of the core earth system governance challenges. In this article,
we explore the politics around pursuits of adaptiveness in water management, emphasizing the major transboundary river basins
draining the south and eastern Himalayas. We look at two main functions: storing, diverting and sharing water for periods
of scarcity; protecting people and places from destructive floods. We find that the pursuit of adaptiveness will take place
partly outside the range of human experience in a context of large differences in exposure and vulnerabilities, disparate
interests and unequal power. Anticipatory policies and actions to adapt and improve adaptive capacity to the transboundary
impacts of changes in water-use, land-use and climate on water resources and services are still in their infancy; but several
problem-framing discourses are emerging that have longer-term implications for water governance. It is not yet clear how these
competing policy-frames will evolve in Asia. Much will depend on how systems of water governance develop. Public scrutiny
of how governments in Asia plan to adapt to climate change in the water sector—on how risks of not enough and too much water
are dealt with—will need to continue to help sort out those projects and strategies which are driven primarily by political
benefits from those which actually contribute to building adaptive capacities and maintaining social-ecological resilience. 相似文献
2.
Frank Biermann Michele M. Betsill Joyeeta Gupta Norichika Kanie Louis Lebel Diana Liverman Heike Schroeder Bernd Siebenhüner Ruben Zondervan 《International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics》2010,10(4):277-298
The Earth System Science Partnership, which unites all major global change research programmes, declared in 2001 an urgent
need to develop “strategies for Earth System management”. Yet what such strategies might be, how they could be developed,
and how effective, efficient and equitable such strategies would be, remains unspecified. It is apparent that the institutions,
organizations and mechanisms by which humans currently govern their relationship with the natural environment and global biochemical
systems are not only insufficient—they are also poorly understood. This article presents the science programme of the Earth
System Governance Project, a new 10-year global research effort endorsed by the International Human Dimensions Programme on
Global Environmental Change (IHDP). It outlines the concept of earth system governance as a challenge for the social sciences,
and it elaborates on the interlinked analytical problems and research questions of earth system governance as an object of
study. These analytical problems concern the overall architecture of earth system governance, agency beyond the state and
of the state, the adaptiveness of governance mechanisms and processes as well as their accountability and legitimacy, and
modes of allocation and access in earth system governance. The article also outlines four crosscutting research themes that
are crucial for the study of each analytical problem as well as for the integrated understanding of earth system governance:
the role of power, knowledge, norms and scale. 相似文献
3.
Critically considering scholarship relating religiosity to ethical behaviour, we contend that religion is systematically related to levels of corruption, and that the nature of this relationship is contingent on the presence of democratic institutions. In democracies, where political institutions are designed to inhibit corrupt conduct, the morality provided by religion is related to attenuated corruption. Conversely, in systems lacking democratic institutions, moral behaviour is not tantamount to staying away from corrupt ways. Accordingly, in non-democratic contexts, religion would not be associated with decreased corruption. Time-series cross-sectional analyses of aggregate data for 129 countries for 12 years, as well as individual level analyses of data from the World Values Surveys, strongly corroborate the predictions of our theory. The correlation of religion with reduced corruption is conditional on the extent to which political institutions are democratic. 相似文献
4.
Tehila Mishraki-Berkowitz Ph.D. Esti Kochelski M.A. Pierce Kavanagh Ph.D. John O'Brien Ph.D. Clodagh Dunne B.Sc. Brian Talbot B.Sc. Patricia Ennis Ph.D. Udi Wolf Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2020,65(5):1450-1457
Psilocin (4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, 4-HO-DMT) and bufotenine (5-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, 5-HO-DMT), which are both naturally occurring compounds, are classified as controlled substances in numerous countries due to their pharmacological activities and recreational usage. There are two other benzene ring regioisomers, 6-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (6-HO-DMT) and 7-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (7-HO-DMT), which are not classified by name as controlled substances, and which were synthesized for this current work. The four isomers were analyzed using routine methodologies employed by the Israel's Police Division of Identification and Forensic Science (DIFS) Laboratory, namely thin layer chromatography (TLC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). It was found possible to differentiate the four isomers. Forensic specimens that were suspected to be psilocybe mushrooms were examined, confirming that it is now possible to unequivocally identify the presence of psilocin and rule out the presence of its other isomers. 相似文献
5.
Gupta Joyeeta Lebel Louis 《International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics》2020,20(2):393-410
International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics - Researching socio-ecological justice issues in earth system governance can be operationalized through an Access (securing... 相似文献
6.
The study of desistance from crime has come of age in recent years, and there are now several, competing theories to account for the ability of long-term offenders to abstain from criminal behavior. Most prominently, recent explanations have borrowed elements from informal social control theory, differential association theory and cognitive psychology. In the following, we argue that labeling theory may be a neglected factor in understanding the desistance process. Drawing on interview data collected as part of a study of an offender reintegration program, we illustrate how the idea of the “looking-glass self-concept” and others is a useful metaphor in understanding the process of rehabilitation or recovery in treatment programs. 相似文献
7.
What variables lead judicial and nonjudicial decision‐making bodies to introduce policy change? In the theoretical framework proposed, the path‐dependent nature of law has a differential impact on courts and legislatures. Likewise, certain political institutions including elections and political accountability lead those bodies to introduce policy change under dissimilar circumstances. Global trends, however, affect both institutional paths equally. We test this theory with data for the repeal of sodomy laws in all countries from 1972–2002. Results from two disparate multivariate models overwhelmingly confirm our predictions. The unique institutional position of courts of last resort allows them to be less constrained than legislatures by either legal status quo or political accountability. Globalization, on the other hand, has a comparable effect on both. This work is path breaking in offering a theoretical framework explaining policy change via different institutional paths, systematically testing the framework comparatively and with respect to a policy issue still on the agenda in many countries. 相似文献
8.
Joyeeta Gupta Louis Lebel 《International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics》2010,10(4):377-395
A significant percentage of the global population does not yet have access to safe drinking water, sufficient food or energy
to live in dignity. There is a continuous struggle to allocate the earth’s resources among users and uses. This article argues
that distributional problems have two faces: access to basic resources or ecospace; and, the allocation of environmental resources,
risks, burdens, and responsibilities for causing problems. Furthermore, addressing problems of access and allocation often
requires access to social processes (science, movements and law). Analysts, however, have tended to take a narrow, disciplinary
approach although an integrated conceptual approach may yield better answers. This article proposes a multi-disciplinary perspective
to the problem of access and allocation and illustrates its application to water management and climate change. 相似文献
9.