Exploitation of the Ultraviolet Properties and Machine Cut Edges of Paper to Associate and Sequence Sheets in a Ream

Previously unreported line patterns visible under ultraviolet light were observed on a proportion of plain white A4 printer/copier paper from different manufacturers. These Ultraviolet Line Patterns (UVLPs) usually appear as stripes down the vertical length of the paper. Typically, the UVLPs were found to “repeat” through the ream in a predictable way, while also changing. It is postulated that the repeating nature of the UVLPs is a result of the way that paper is manufactured. This leads to the ability to sequence the sheets compared to their original source paper. Even in the absence of UVLPs, it is possible to use our observation of the manufacturing process to anticipate the order of several sheets of paper and conclusively associate them, in some cases, by physically fitting their machine cut edges and crossing paper fibers. Such a novel approach to examining questioned documents would be highly useful in forensic casework.     

Participatory community analysis: identifying and addressing challenges to Ethiopian smallholder livelihoods

In 2012, Africa RISING conducted participatory community analysis (PCA) as the first phase of a participatory development approach in the Ethiopian highlands. The PCA identified trends, constraints, and opportunities – and shed light upon how farmers perceive livelihoods to be changing. Inputs, diseases, pests, soil fertility, post-harvest management, and fodder shortages were seen as challenges, while off-farm income has become increasingly important. Gender differences in livestock and crop preferences for food security and income sources were observed. PCA established development priorities in a way that researchers may have approached differently or missed, providing research development priorities for Africa RISING scientists.     

Book reviews

Volodymyr Kubijovy? (ed.), Ukraine: A Concise Encyclopaedia. Prepared by Shevchenko Scientific Society. Foreword by Ernest J. Simmons. Volume II. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1971. xliii + 1394 pp.

Ellendea Proffer (ed.), The Early Plays of Mikhail Bulgakov. Translated by Carl R. Proffer and Ellendea Proffer. Bloomington and London: Indiana UP, 1972. xxvii + 418 pp. $10.00. £4.75.

Ellendea Proffer and Carl R. Proffer (eds.), Mikhail Bulgakov: Diaboliad and Other Stories. Translated by Carl R. Proffer. Bloomington and London: Indiana UP, 1972. xx + 236 pp. $5.95. £2.85.

Philip Hanson, The Development of Advertising in Eastern Europe. London: The Advertising Association [1973]. (Research Studies in Advertising No. 7.) 140 pp. £1.75 (paperback).

Josef Breburda (ed.), Landwirtschaftliche Probleme der Ukraine. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1971. 235 pp.

Werner G. Hahn, The Politics of Soviet Agriculture, 1960–1970. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins UP, 1972. xix + 311 pp. £5.65.

Gayle Durham Hollander, Soviet Political Indoctrination. Developments in Mass Media and Propaganda Since Stalin. New York: Praeger Publishers and London: Pall Mall Press, 1972. (Praeger Special Studies in International Politics and Public Affairs.) xviii + 244 pp. £6.25.

Zvi Y. Gitelman, Jewish Nationality and Soviet Politics. The Jewish Sections of the CPSU, 1917–1930. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton UP, 1972, and London: OUP, 1973. xii + 573 pp. $20.00. £10.00.

Michael Waller, The Language of Communism. A Commentary. London: The Bodley Head, 1972. 183 pp. £2.00.

Joseph S. Berliner, Economy, Society and Welfare: A Study in Social Economics. New York: Praeger Publishers and London: Pall Mall Press, 1972. xvii + 196 pp. £5.75.

James R. Millar (ed.), The Soviet Rural Community. A Symposium. Urbana and London: University of Illinois Press, 1971. xv + 420 pp. $12.50. £6.00.

J. Wilczynski, Profit, Risk and Incentives under Socialist Economic Planning. London: Macmillan, 1973. viii + 232 pp. £5.50.

E. L. Johnson, An Introduction to the Soviet Legal System. London: Methuen, 1972. viii + 243 pp. £1.60 (paperback).

Roy D. Laird, The Soviet Paradigm. An Experiment in Creating a Mono‐hierarchical Polity. New York: The Free Press and London: Collier‐Macmillan Publishers, 1971. xxviii + 272 pp. £4.00.

George R. Feiwel, Industrialization and Planning under Polish Socialism. Vol. I—Poland's Industrialization Policy: A Current Analysis. Sources of Economic Growth and Retrogression. Vol. II—Problems in Polish Economic Planning. Continuity, Change, and Prospects. New York: Praeger Publishers, 1971 and London: Pall Mall Press, 1972. (Praeger Special Studies in International Economics and Development.) xxv + 748 pp. and xvii + 454 pp. £10.50 and £8.50.

Dorothy W. Douglas, Transitional Economic Systems: The Polish‐Czech Example. Introduction by Lynn Turgeon, New York and London: Monthly Review Press, 1972. xxxii + 375 pp. £4.90.

David McLellan, The Thought of Karl Marx. An Introduction. London: Macmillan, 1971. ix + 237 pp. £3.50. £1.50 (paperback).

Daniel Tarschys, Beyond the State. The Future Polity in Classical and Soviet Marxism. Stockholm: Scandinavian University Books, 1971. 261 pp. (paperback).     

‘No-one in the world would ever wanna speak to me again’: an interpretative phenomenological analysis into convicted sexual offenders' accounts and experiences of maintaining and leaving denial

This paper is concerned with illuminating the experiences and perspectives of sexual offenders who had categorically denied their offences and, through their narratives, gain an insight into the processes behind and underlying both maintaining and coming out of, denial. The study is made up of interviews with 11 convicted sexual offenders who had each denied their offences but who are now admitting their guilt. The interviews were analysed qualitatively using interpretative phenomenological analysis. The analysis revealed three superordinate themes: ‘maintaining viable identities’; ‘being’ in denial’; and ‘wanting to change’. These themes are unpacked and their relevance to maintaining and leaving denial are discussed. Implications for treatment, including barriers to treatment for convicted sexual offenders who deny their offences are discussed.     

Preliminary evaluation of the use of pharmacological treatment with convicted sexual offenders experiencing high levels of sexual preoccupation,hypersexuality and/or sexual compulsivity

The current study presents the preliminary evaluation of the impact of pharmacological treatment (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and anti-androgens) on hypersexuality, sexual preoccupation and sexual compulsivity. The participant pool comprised 64 convicted UK sexual offenders who had been voluntarily referred for pharmacological treatment to reduce their hypersexual arousal, 51 of whom agreed to take the medication (with a further five individuals on hold or under assessment at the time of data extraction). The preliminary findings were very encouraging; analysis on measures assessing sexual preoccupation, hypersexuality and sexual compulsivity indicated a significant reduction between pre- and post-medication, across both types of medication. Limitations of the current research are discussed.     

Declarations of War and Belligerent Parties: International Law Governing Hostilities Between States and Transnational Terrorist Networks

Netherlands International Law Review -