Race and Ethnicity: Responsible Use from Epidemiological and Public Health Perspectives

While the concepts of race and ethnicity have been abused historically, they are potentially invaluable in epidemiology and public health. Epidemiology relies upon variables that help differentiate populations by health status, thereby refining public health and health care policy, and offering insights for medical science. Race and ethnicity are powerful tools for doing this. The prerequisite for their responsible use is a society committed to reducing inequalities and inequities in health status. When this condition is met, it is irresponsible not to utilize these concepts.     

Competitive Liberalization,Competitive Imperialism,and Intellectual Property

Aggressive pursuit of free trade agreements (FTAs) and customs unions (CUs) by major and minor trading powers alike challenges the conventional wisdom in favor of such pursuit – competitive liberalization. An equally plausible explanation for an active bilateral and regional trade agreement policy, one which effectively de-emphasizes multilateralism, may be competitive imperialism. The protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights is one area in which new provisions, going beyond multilateral rules, are being negotiated and written into FTAs and CUs. Such provisions may yield insights into which characterization of bilateralism and regionalism – competitive liberalization or competitive imperialism – is more apt. Rice Distinguished Professor, The University of Kansas, School of Law, Green Hall, 1535 West 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7577, USA. Tel. +1-785-8649224. Fax. +1-785-8645054. www.law.ku.edu. J.D., Harvard (1989); M.Sc., Oxford (1986); M.Sc., London School of Economics (1985); A.B., Duke (1984). Marshall Scholar (1984-86). Member, Council on Foreign Relations, Royal Society for Asian Affairs, and Fellowship of Catholic Scholars. Author, Modern GATT Law (Sweet & Maxwell 2005), International Trade Law: Theory and Practice (2nd ed. 2000, 3rd ed. forthcoming 2007-08), and Trade, Development, and Social Justice (Carolina Academic Press 2003). I am thankful to my Research Assistant, Mr. David R. Jackson (B.A., George Mason University, 1992; J.D. Class of 2007, University of Kansas), for his indispensable help on this work. I also am grateful to Dr. Mohammed El Said, University of Central Lancashire (UCLAN), for his consistent support and friendship, and for what he has taught and continues to teach me about international trade and intellectual property.     

尼中关系五十年

1955年是尼泊尔外交关系史上具有重要里程碑意义的一年.在只有英、美、印、法四个建交国的情况下,尼泊尔国际交往史翻开了新的一页.这一重要的历史进程自然地同尼泊尔北部的伟大邻邦--1949年刚刚成立的中华人民共和国紧密地联系在了一起,中国此时也正处在外交关系的首个拓展期.1955年4月在万隆举行的亚非会议给尼泊尔代表团和由周恩来总理率领的中国代表团提供了一个开启探讨两国建立正式外交关系对话的良好机会.这一对话同年7月在尼泊尔首都加德满都继续进行.1955年8月1日,尼泊尔王室首席顾问萨达尔·贡加·曼·辛格和中国驻印度大使袁仲贤阁下分别代表本国政府签署了两国正式建立外交关系的协议书.袁仲贤阁下随后被中国政府任命为中国驻尼泊尔王国首任大使.中国成为第5个与尼泊尔建立正式外交关系的国家,尼泊尔是中国的第22个建交国.     

Acallosal brain in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).

A definitive explanation of "crib" or "cot" death remains unknown. An unusual incidental autopsy finding of agenesis of the corpus callosum in a case presenting as "near miss" sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is discussed. Hitherto, only a single case associated with SIDS has been reported in the literature. The condition may be easily missed outside the interest in neuropathology.     

Joseph J. Fischel: Screw Consent: Towards a Better Politics of Sexual Justice

Feminist Legal Studies -     

Can Producer Associations Improve Rural Livelihoods? Evidence from Farmer Centres in India

Abstract

Rural producer associations are considered a potential community-driven solution to the problems of smallholder agriculture. This article evaluates the impact of organising female farmers into producer associations in Gujarat, India. The initiative provided training, information, access to inputs, risk mitigation, and market linkages. Over 18 months, the programme weakly increased members’ non-farm income and access to output markets. It had stronger impacts on members’ awareness and utilisation of financial services. Impacts were heterogeneous, varying by pre-existing socioeconomic conditions. These findings suggest that producer associations can lower transaction costs for smallholders, but that poverty alleviation may be a longer-term prospect.     

Working women and international issues

We are trapped in a transition: between the formation of the new and the erosion of the old norms, values and systems. In many important meetings, where major questions of life and death are examined; where the North-South postures are taken; where agenda items on ECDC, TCDC and LDCs are analysed; where monetary reforms are advocated; where food strategies are formulated—the ‘women's dimension’ still often faces those with ‘intellectual’ difficulties in considering it a legitimate subject in its own right. Why is it necessary to climb the same steep mountains over and over again? What are the deeply rooted reasons which prevent ‘women's issues’ being considered an integral part of development questions? Why are the doors behind which the major questions of this century are being debated soundproof, heavy and hermetically sealed? The collective voices of women do not yet appear to penetrate them. This global resistance, which effectively excludes women at so many levels, from international and national to community and the family, has deep roots—roots which are buried in the inner conscience of mankind. And strands of these roots are intertwined with every discipline; in every human science. Where does one begin?The purpose of this paper is to explore some aspects of economic and social development which have a direct bearing on the problems of working women and international issues.     

Stressed,depressed, or bewitched?

Mental illness is an important cause of disability in sub-Saharan African countries and is rarely covered in health-related development activity. This article examines the close relationship between mental illness, religion, and culture, referring to the authors' experiences in Zimbabwe as an example. They emphasise the importance of gaining a sympathetic understanding of the religious beliefs and social contexts of psycho-social distress states, rather than simply translating concepts and ideas developed in the societies of Europe and North America.