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In this paper we test the relationship between perceived satisfaction with promotion policy and cynical attitudes for fifty-seven black male officers in a southern metropolitan police department. Correlation analyses revealed that selected variables taken from the Niederhoffer (1967) model relate to feelings of mistrust in hypothesized directions. Satisfaction with promotion policy was observed to be the most important predictor of cynicism after controlling for the effects of rank, years of service, and education. Equity motivation theory is then presented as an approach to modify traditional opportunity structures grounded in politics and seniority. 相似文献
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To accomplish the objectives and the outcomes of the New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD), African leaders have agreed, among other things, to subject their countries to peer review through the use of a unique and innovative African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM). This paper analytically describes and assesses the APRM. It contends that peer review represents a sea of change in the thinking of African leaders as they seek to reverse the trend of lack of accountability, political authoritarianism, state failure, and corruption to embrace and consolidate democracy as well as effect sound and transparent economic management. It is further argued that peer review would provide a number of benefits to those countries that subject themselves to it and that, in turn, would have positive multiplier effects on Africa's development performance. 相似文献
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Sznitman SR Dunlop SM Nalkur P Khurana A Romer D 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2012,41(2):146-155
Positive school climates and student drug testing have been separately proposed as strategies to reduce student substance
use in high schools. However, the effects of drug testing programs may depend on the favorability of school climates. This
study examined the association between school drug testing programs and student substance use in schools with different climates.
The analysis was based on a nationally representative sample of 943 high school students (48% female) ranging from 14 to 19 years
of age (62% identifying as white, 18% Hispanic, 13% African American, and 7% in other categories). Results showed that both
male and female students in schools with positive climates reported lower levels of personal substance use. Drug testing was
associated with lower levels of personal substance use in positive school climates, but only for female students. There was
no relationship between drug testing and male students’ substance use. The results are discussed in terms of the importance
of considering school climates before implementing drug-testing programs in high schools. 相似文献
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