Exhaustion and parallel importation of copyright goods under Turkish law

Legal context. Turkey undertook to align its domestic intellectualproperty legislation with that of the European Communities,although it is not currently a member of the European Union.Towards this goal, the Turkish Copyright Act was amended inaccordance with Decision 1/95 of the EC-Turkey Association Counciland Council Directive 92/100. This article sets out the arrangementsregarding the exhaustion and parallel import of copyright goodsunder Turkish intellectual property law. Key points. The territorial exhaustion rule has been acceptedunder Turkish intellectual property law. By the first sale orother transfer of ownership of copies of a work, within theborders of Turkey, the distribution right of the copyright owneris exhausted in these copies. Copyright owners have the exclusiveright to prevent parallel import of copies of their works whichwere manufactured and marketed abroad with their consent. Practical significance. The rule of regional exhaustion is notapplicable in trade relations between Turkey and the EU. Onthe assumption that the copies of a work which is protectedunder Turkish law are first sold within the borders of the EU,the copyright owner in Turkey may prevent the parallel importationfrom the EU to Turkey. In contrast, once the first sale of copiesoccurs in Turkey, the parallel importation from Turkey to theEU can be prevented by the copyright owner within the bordersof the EU.     

Development of etching paste for serial number restoration on aluminum engine block

Engine numbers, which involve information regarding the engine type, production number, and year and place of manufacture, are used for identification purposes. Comprising of unique alphanumeric characters, the engine numbers are fully or partially obliterated especially in auto theft and smuggling cases to conceal the origin, identity, and owner of vehicles. The limitations of the current restoration techniques such as the difficulty of using chemical liquid etching in vertical sites, the restrictions of magnetic and optical methods, and the applicability of several techniques like electron backscatter diffraction only in the laboratory environment prompt the development of new techniques. In view of these limitations and the importance of restoring engine numbers in criminal investigations, this unique study aimed to develop an etching paste that would restore the effaced characters on a real aluminum alloy engine block. The characters which were cold-stamped on the engine block were milled at varying depths and restoration attempts were conducted using etching pastes formed with different chemicals and materials. The analyses indicate that the etching paste formed with 200 mg of perlite, 400 mg of iron powder, and 450 μL of 20 M NaOH provided restoration to a good extent. The prevention of over-etching through the controlling of the chemical reaction and the cost-effectiveness appears to be the advantages of this technique. The success of recovery on the real engine block, the facilitation of restoration on curved surfaces, and the chance of on-site usage will likely make the etching paste a widely used tool in serial number restoration.     

A Study Comparing the Pre- and Post-Training Knowledge of Emergency Department Nurses in Turkey for the Diagnosis of Physically Abused Women

This study assesses the knowledge levels of emergency service nurses regarding their ability to recognize the signs of physical abuse in women, before and after an educational program. The research was conducted in Istanbul city center, using a comparative definitive method. The universe of the research consisted of emergency service nurses of three different publics. Data were collected via face to face interviews based on a questionnaire comprised of 21 questions with forty nine nurses. The results of the research revealed that 58.6 % (n?=?27) of ER nurses were between 18–25 years of age and 100 % (n?=?46) of them didn’t have any previous education on recognizing violence, and the scores before, just after and 3 months after the education program were statistically meaningful (x?=?30, p?<?0.0001). This study indicates that forensic medicine should be built up in nursing schools and via in-service training, the workers should be supported to improve themselves.     

Contextual Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Adolescent Suicide Attempts: A Multilevel Investigation

Journal of Youth and Adolescence - Multilevel research on whether and how contextual socioeconomic disadvantage affects adolescent suicidal behaviors is scarce. Using data from the first two waves...