Between normality and deviance: the breakdown of batterers' identity following police intervention

With the transformation of intimate violence from private trouble to social problem, police intervention in domestic violence cases became more prevalent. Research has focused mainly on battered women's perception of police intervention, their evaluations, and their level of satisfaction with the intervention. However, there is little research examining the perpetrators' subjective perceptions of such interventions. The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze battering men's perceptions of police intervention. The study is based on semistructured, in-depth interviews with 20 batterers who had repeated encounters with police. Findings show a continuum of self-management, ranging from attempts to preserve a normative identity in the first encounter to struggling against criminalization in the second encounter and adopting a victim identity in the third encounter. The findings are discussed in the context of gender identity and power relations.     

Between warning and response: The case of the Yom Kippur War

Reforming Japanese Intelligence

James Hansen: Japanese Intelligence: The Competitive Edge NIBC Press, National Intelligence Book Center, Washington , D.C., 1996, 222 p., $29.95.

Ichiro Ozawa: Blueprint for a New Japan: The Rethinking of a Nation Kodansha International, New York, 1994, 208 p., $25.00. English translation of Nihon Kaizo Keikaku (1993).

Masao Miyamoto: Straitjacket Society: An Insider's Irreverent View of Bureaucratic Japan Kodansha International, New York, 1994, 197 p., $22.00. English translation of Oyakusko no Okite (1993).

It's Warmer Inside

Michael Smith: New Cloak, Old Dagger: How Britain's Spies Came In From the Cold Victor Gollancz, London, 1996, 338 p., £20.00

Saving U.S. Convoys from U‐boats

Kathleen Broome Williams: Secret Weapon: U.S. High‐Frequency Direction Finding in the Battle of the Atlantic Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Md., 1996, $35.00

Getting Serious About Intelligence

Angelo Codevilla: Informing Statecraft: Intelligence for a New Century The Free Press, New York, 1992, 491 p., $24.95

Matters Still Unresolved

Harvey Klehr and Ronald Radosh: The Amerasia Spy Case: Prelude to McCarthyism Chapel Hill, N.C., University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, N.C., 266 p., $29.95     

Moral development and discipline encounter in delinquent and nondelinquent adolescents

The present study tested whether Hoffman's conceptualization of the relationship between disciplinary techniques and moral development can account for findings that delinquents score lower than nondelinquents on various measures of moral development. Twenty-six delinquent adolescents, 20 middle class nondelinquents, and 20 lower class non-delinquents were assessed on moral development using the following measures: resistance to temptation, moral stage, feelings after offense, judgment about the severity of punishment, and confession. The use of induction by parents was examined with a Q-sort administered to adolescents and their parents. On most measures of moral development delinquents performed lower than nondelinquents. Less induction was found to be used with delinquents than with nondelinquents. Induction was positively related to most moral measures. It was concluded that disciplinary methods may account for differential moral development of delinquent versus nondelinquent adolescents.This research was supported by grant No. 10/B-6 from the Ford Foundation—Israel Foundation Trustees and the School of Social Work Research Committee, University of Haifa.Received Ph.D. from the University of Minnesota in 1977. Current research interests are juvenile delinquency and residential care.Received Ph.D. from the University of Michigan in 1976. Current research interst is the role of the father in child development and early social development.The contribution of the authors is equal.     

Towards the Development of a Conflict Escalation Model: The Case of Israeli Youth

The aim of this study was to present and initially test a model of escalation to verbal and physical aggression among Israeli youths. Stratified sampling was used to obtain data from 799 students in the 7th, 8th, and 9th grades of junior high schools in a northern Israeli city and its suburbs. A structural equation model (SEM) analysis confirmed that there is a significant positive correlation between the constructs of the so-called escalation preference and capability, and showed that both significantly influenced the escalation pattern. In addition, boys and younger students appeared to demonstrate a higher escalatory tendency than girls and older students. Theoretical and practical implications for professional intervention are discussed.     

Proportionality and Self-Interest

This paper offers a justification of the principle of military proportionality that is based in considerations of self-interest. By offering such a justification, I hope to vindicate the principle on the basis of the least controversial argument available. The war between Israel and Hezbollah in the summer of 2006 is used as a case study. Part 1 surveys recent work on military proportionality and suggests that the importance of this principle has increased in the age of asymmetrical warfare. Part 2 considers and rejects the traditional realist concerns about proportionality. Part 3 offers a realist rationale for adhering to the principle.     

Diversification of rural incomes and non-farm rural employment: Survey evidence from Russia

The results of a rural survey in two Russian regions demonstrate that agriculture is no longer the main source of income for rural families. Rural families are diversifiers, earning non-agricultural income through both non-agricultural wage employment and non-farm self-employment. The rural population is risk-averse, preferring the relative security of wage employment to individual entrepreneurship. Although all respondents would like to earn more, they are reluctant to consider the option of changing their place of work and are afraid of losing their current job. It may be difficult for new profit-oriented employers to offer equitable solutions to all segments of the rural population without properly designed government support programmes, which furthermore should be targeted to the labour force of the future, i.e., the Russian youth.     

Agricultural policy in Russia and WTO accession

This article analyzes the implications of World Trade Organization (WTO) accession for Russian agricultural policy. Using Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) data on producer support from 2010, we identify two major characteristics of Russian agricultural and trade policy (a) reliance on sizeable differences between world and domestic prices to generate two-thirds of agricultural producer support and (b) highly distortionary budget support. We then consider whether the disciplines introduced by WTO accession will constrain or even roll back these distortionary policies, thereby substantially changing the nature of agricultural policies in Russia. Using data from OECD-FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) and Russian Ministry of Agriculture projections, we conclude that the structure of OECD-type producer support in 2020 will be very similar to its current state. Market price support will continue to dominate the Producer Support Estimate, and the projected Current Total Aggregate Measure of Support (AMS) will approach the WTO Bound Total AMS (the ceiling on production-distorting support) only in 2018. For the reasons above, we conclude that although WTO accession provides opportunities for important changes in Russian sanitary, phytosanitary, food safety, trade, and tariff policies, membership is not a guarantee of systemic change. In fact, a serious look at Russian WTO commitments makes a minimum-change scenario quite possible and even likely.