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1.
The attacks of 11 September 2001 and the reaction to them has been the gravest challenge to date to the Human Rights Act 1998. The Antiterrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001 has expanded the remit of the Terrorism Act 2000 and there has been a new concentration on antiterrorism by government. This article assesses the impact of human rights law on the debate about liberty and security following 11 September. It considers how the provisions of the Human Rights Act have influenced the formulation and interpretation of anti-terrorism laws, and examines the role of the judiciary in adjudicating on disputes between the individual and the state. It ends with some general discussion about the security-driven challenges to human rights that lie ahead. 相似文献
2.
Marianne Junger Lynette Feder Joy Clay Sylvana M. Côté David P. Farrington Kate Freiberg Vicente Garrido Genovés Ross Homel Friedrich Lösel Matthew Manning Paul Mazerolle Rob Santos Martin Schmucker Christopher Sullivan Carole Sutton Tom van Yperen Richard E. Tremblay 《European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research》2007,13(3-4):327-356
3.
Sherri Messimer James Swain Phillip Farrington John Evans 《The Journal of Technology Transfer》1994,19(3-4):87-99
This paper describes an effort by industry and university partners to centralize manufacturing decision making through the development of generic simulation tools. This ongoing, cooperative process improvement initiative between the Industrial and Systems Engineering faculty at the University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH) and Chrysler’s Huntsville Electronics Division (HED) permits the involved faculty to broaden their experience and technical expertise in electronics fabrication, while the industry partner benefits from the transfer of technical knowledge and advanced analysis methodologies from the university. The focus of the project is the definition of generic electronic manufacturing models that can be easily defined and implemented through common user-oriented interfaces, allowing users who are not familiar with simulation and simulation languages to address the needs of their particular functional areas. 相似文献
4.
Sixteen major evaluations of programs to prevent school bullying, conducted in 11 different countries, are reviewed in detail. Of these 16 evaluations, 8 produced desirable results, 2 produced mixed results, 4 produced small or negligible effects, and 2 produced undesirable results. These varying findings may reflect variations in programs, in implementation, in assessment methods, or in evaluation designs. It is concluded that high-quality evaluations are needed in the future, with randomized designs, theoretically grounded interventions, multiple measures of bullying, and attempts to disentangle the effectiveness of different program components. 相似文献
5.
David P. Farrington 《Journal of Experimental Criminology》2006,2(2):121-141
Following the tradition of Joan McCord's work, this paper reviews longitudinal-experimental studies in criminology with community samples of at least 100 persons, follow-up periods of at least 5 years, personal interviews, and measures of offending. The main advantages of such studies are in investigating both the natural history of development (including the effects of risk/protective factors and life events) and the impact of interventions on offending. This paper also reviews advantages and problems of prospective longitudinal surveys, randomized experiments, and longitudinal-experimental studies in criminology. Four key longitudinal-experimental studies were conducted by Joan McCord, Richard Tremblay, Lawrence Schweinhart and David Olds. Other studies have been conducted, or are currently under way, but no criminological study has yet been published with several years of personal data on participants both before and after an intervention.Joan McCord Award Lecture given at the American Society of Criminology, Toronto, Canada. 相似文献
6.
This paper aims to review randomized experiments in criminology with offending outcomes and reasonably large numbers that were published between 1982 and 2004. A total of 83 experiments are summarized, compared with only 35 published between 1957 and 1981: 12 on policing, 13 on prevention, 14 on corrections, 22 on courts, and 22 on community interventions. Randomized experiments are still relatively uncommon, but there have been more large-scale multi-site experiments and replication programs. There have also been several experiments in which 100 or more places were randomly assigned. Relatively few experiments (only 10 out of 83) were conducted outside the United States. Meta-analyses suggest that prevention methods, correctional therapy, batterer programs, drug courts, juvenile restitution and deterrent policing were effective in reducing offending, while Scared Straight and boot camp programs caused a significant increase in offending. 相似文献
7.
Lila Kazemian David P. Farrington Marc Le Blanc 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2009,38(3):384-400
This study consists of a comparative analysis of patterns of de-escalation between ages 17–18 and 32, based on data from two
well-known prospective longitudinal studies, the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development (a study of 411 working-class males
in London) and the Montreal Two Samples Longitudinal Study (a sample of 470 adjudicated French-Canadian males). Analyses focus
on within-individual change, with individuals serving as their own controls. In this regard, the magnitude of measured change
is relative to the past degree of involvement in offending. These results are contrasted with predictors of between-individual
differences in offending behavior at age 32. We investigate the respective roles of cognitive predispositions and social bonds
in the prediction of patterns of de-escalation, and assess whether it is possible to make relatively long-term predictions
(over a 15-year period) about offending in adulthood. Findings suggest that traditional measures of social bonds and cognitive
predispositions measured at age 17–18 are generally weak predictors of de-escalation up to age 32. However, these measures
are stronger predictors of between-individual differences in offending gravity. These findings highlight the difficulties
in making accurate long-term predictions about changes in individual offending patterns early in the criminal career.
Lila Kazemian is an assistant professor in the Department of Sociology at the John Jay College of Criminal Justice. She received her Ph.D. in Criminology from the University of Cambridge. Her research interests include life-course and developmental research, desistance from crime, comparative criminology, and offender reentry. David P. Farrington Farrington is a professor at the Institute of Criminology, University of Cambridge. He received his Ph.D. in Psychology from the University of Cambridge. His research interests include criminal career research, juvenile delinquency, violent offending, and crime prevention. Marc Le Blanc is an emeritus professor in the Department of Psychoeducation at Université de Montréal. He received his Ph.D. in Criminology from Université de Montréal. His research interests include criminological theory, longitudinal research, juvenile justice, and intervention among juvenile delinquents. 相似文献
Marc Le BlancEmail: |
Lila Kazemian is an assistant professor in the Department of Sociology at the John Jay College of Criminal Justice. She received her Ph.D. in Criminology from the University of Cambridge. Her research interests include life-course and developmental research, desistance from crime, comparative criminology, and offender reentry. David P. Farrington Farrington is a professor at the Institute of Criminology, University of Cambridge. He received his Ph.D. in Psychology from the University of Cambridge. His research interests include criminal career research, juvenile delinquency, violent offending, and crime prevention. Marc Le Blanc is an emeritus professor in the Department of Psychoeducation at Université de Montréal. He received his Ph.D. in Criminology from Université de Montréal. His research interests include criminological theory, longitudinal research, juvenile justice, and intervention among juvenile delinquents. 相似文献
8.
This study explores the emergence of a criminal career in adulthood. The main hypothesis tested is that late criminal onset
(at age 21 or later) is influenced by early factors that delay antisocial manifestations. The Cambridge Study in Delinquent
Development (CSDD) was used to examine early determinants of criminal behavior. 400 Inner London males were followed from
ages 8–10 to 48–50, and were classified as follows: 35 late onsetters who were first convicted at age 21 or later, and did
not have high self-reported delinquency at ages 10–14 and 15–18; 129 early onsetters first convicted between ages 10 and 20;
and 236 unconvicted males. Odds ratios and logistic regression analyses revealed that the best predictors of late onset offenders
compared with early onset offenders included nervousness, having few friends at ages 8–10, and not having sexual intercourse
by age 18. The best predictors of late onset offenders compared with nonoffenders included teacher-rated anxiousness at ages
12–14 and high neuroticism at age 16. It is concluded that being nervous and withdrawn protected boys against offending in
adolescence but that these protective effects tended to wear off after age 21. These findings show that adult offending can
be predicted from childhood, and suggest that early intervention might prevent a variety of maladjustment problems and difficulties
in adult life.
相似文献
David P. Farrington (Corresponding author)Email: |
9.
Contrary to a widespread belief about the undesirability of relatively large prisons, a review of the criminological literature yields no empirical evidence that prison size influences behavior inside or after leaving prison. The English prison statistics show that prison offenses, and more specifically assaults, are less likely in larger prisons. However, it was impossible in these analyses to control for the kinds of inmates in each prison. In a more controlled analysis of correctional effectiveness (defined as the difference between predicted and actual reconviction rates), there was a strong tendency for the more overcrowded prisons to be less effective. Size was only weakly related to effectiveness, and this association was reduced further after controlling for overcrowding. It was concluded that an important priority for governmental agencies should be to reduce overcrowding in prisons. 相似文献
10.
Implementing Democratic Equality in Political Parties: Organisational Consequences in the Swedish and the German Pirate Parties 下载免费PDF全文
Nicole Bolleyer Conor Little Felix‐Christopher von Nostitz 《Scandinavian political studies》2015,38(2):158-178
This article theorises and empirically assesses some important intra‐organisational implications of maximising democratic equality in political parties both between followers and members and between members and elites. They include weak member commitment, passivity of the rank‐and‐file membership and – depending on party structure – high levels of internal conflict. To substantiate the arguments, two parties that implement principles of democratic equality in their organisations are examined: the Swedish and German Pirate parties. These cases show, first, that while organisational structures implementing norms of equality allowed them to rapidly mobilise a considerable following, the same structures systematically reduced their capacity to consolidate support in the longer term – a weakness that might eventually put these parties' survival at risk. Second, they show that differences in the extent to which subnational units provide a foundation for member mobilisation helps to explain variation in the level of internal conflict experienced by these parties. 相似文献