美国对华出口限制补贴认定及其对策

出口限制补贴是美国广泛认定的一种补贴形式.此种补贴认定方式将政府的出口限制行为等同于"政府授权私人企业提供货物",并因此推定此种行为具备"政府行为"与"财政资助"两个要件.美国商务部还通过极为随意的证据规则控制了"授予利益"这一要件的认定.中国已经深受其害.虽然上述实体规则与世界贸易组织争端解决机构先前的判例不符,但综合各方面因素来看,诉诸争端解决机制对于我国而言并非最有利的解决方式.我国应当在法律渠道之外寻求政治解决途径,同时建立更加完善的应诉信息整合机制.     

School Meals and Educational Outcomes in Rural Ethiopia

We investigate the relationship between providing school meals programmes and educational outcomes in Ethiopia. Using data from school catchment areas across rural Ethiopia, the paper examines the role played by programme modalities and their implementation. The results indicate that supplementing on-site school meals with take-home rations can be beneficial for concentration, reading, writing and arithmetic skills. The timing of the distribution of school meals is also found to play an important role.     

The Human Rights Discourse and its Changes during the Early Establishment of the Communist Party of China: From 1921 to 1927

during the early establishment of the Communist Party of China, human rights became the ideal and goal pursued by the Chinese Communists, and the discourse of human rights was vividly reflected in multiform Party documents. The centennial history of the CPC parallels that of the Chinese people's exploration, struggle, and practice of human rights. Based on the literature review of the changes of the CPC―human rights discourse from its founding period to the Great Revolution period, this paper expounds on the CPC's human rights discourse and its expressions in the early days after the Party was founded.     

Does Livestock Ownership Affect Animal Source Foods Consumption and Child Nutritional Status? Evidence from Rural Uganda

Abstract

In many developing countries consumption of animal source foods (ASF) among the poor is still at a level where increasing its share in total caloric intake may have many positive nutritional benefits. This paper explores whether ownership of different livestock species increases consumption of ASF and helps improving child nutritional status, finding some evidence that both food consumption patterns and nutritional outcomes may be affected by livestock ownership in rural Uganda. Our results are suggestive that promoting (small) livestock ownership has the potential for affecting human nutrition in rural Uganda, but further research is needed to more precisely estimate the direction and size of these effects.     

On the Quadruple Qualities of Marxist Thought on Human Rights

Marxist human rights thought has realized an epochmaking change in human rights thought and has distinguished itself from capitalist human rights thought with its distinctive character.Marxist human rights thought has a humanistic character,starts from human nature and its essence,regards human rights as an important means to realize the all-round development of human beings and the fundamental proof of human liberation.Marxist human rights thought is characterized by being people-centered,and expresses the desire of the masses,with the proletariat as the main body,to realize a better life through the guarantee of human rights.Marxist human rights thought has a practical character,is based on practical materialism,advocates that human rights are derived from the social practice and promotes social practice toward civilization and progress.Marxist human rights thought has the character of rule of law,guides legal governance to the rule of good law,and lays the guarantee fot human rights on the foundation of substantive rule of law.     

Be like bees - the politics of mobilizing farmers for development in Tigray, Ethiopia

Based on long-term ethnographic research, this article analysesthe relations between local politics and farmers’ participationin rural development in Tigray (Ethiopia). It takes an actor-orientedapproach and focuses on local government officials and farmerrepresentatives, who mediate between the government agenciesthat undertake rural development programmes and the farmerswhom they address. To reach the target numbers of programmebeneficiaries, these local development brokers ‘mobilize’farmers to participate. They capitalize upon the historicallegitimacy of the 1975–91 revolution against the militaryDerg dictatorship in which the Tigray People's Liberation Front(TPLF), now heading the national government, and Tigray's ruralpopulation successfully joined forces. They revitalize farmers’collective memory of this alliance and reinvent the revolutionarygrassroots institutions through which it was realized. The effectsof mobilization on participation in development are most evidentamong farmers who are members of the TPLF. A TPLF-developmentnexus arises, structuring local political career opportunitiesalong the lines of development. The case study attempts to contributeto an empirical understanding of the entanglement of local politicsand local development brokerage in rural African societies.