The political economy of mass privatisation and imperfect taxation: Winners and loosers

This article investigates the connection between the apparently uncorrelated issues of tax evasion and privatisation in a political economy framework. We first consider how the political process – given a country's level of development and income distribution – will affect the efficiency of the tax system. We then discuss the impact of the efficiency of the taxation system on the outcomes of privatisation. We consider under which condition privatisation will proceed, and who will be the political supporters as well as the main winners of the privatisation process. Moreover, we investigate the impact of different forms of corruption both on the initial public support for privatisation, as well as on its long term political sustainability.     

Russia's post-crisis growth: its sources and prospects for continuation

This article provides an in-depth analysis of Russia's post-crisis growth, with a view to understanding the prospects for its continuation. It examines in detail the chief drivers of growth, as well as the main developments and policies that have been underlying it. A key finding is that the role of the oil sector, and particularly privately owned oil companies, has been vastly more important in driving economic growth from 2001 to 2004 than thus far recognised. The oil sector's contribution to growth has hitherto been severely underestimated because official data do not account for transfer pricing and thus fail to fully reflect the importance of the hydrocarbon sector in the Russian economy. In the light of this finding, this article also assesses the economic impact of the ‘Yukos affair’. Looking forward, it is reasoned that—given its economic structure—Russia is bound to remain a heavily resource-dependent economy for some time to come. The article further argues that, given good macroeconomic management and the avoidance of gross policy errors, Russia could realistically hope to sustain high growth rates over the medium term. However, given current tendencies for greater state involvement in key sectors of the economy, such an outcome is not by any means guaranteed.     

The effects of pubertal timing on body image,school behavior,and deviance

Variation in the timing of pubertal maturation may result in behavioral differences among early, mid-, and late maturers. Using data from the National Health Examination Survey, a national probability sample of children and youth aged 12–17, we investigated the relationships between maturational timing and body image, school behavior, and deviance. In terms of body image, the early maturing boys were the group most satisfied with height and weight. The early maturing girls were most dissatisfied with weight, with 69% wishing to be thinner. This great dissatisfaction with weight reported by early maturing girls is probably not an affect of early maturation, but a concomitant of maturation in general. The majority of girls became dissatisfied with their weight as they matured, and females from the higher social groups were more likely to want to be thinner than females from lower groups. Thus, a normal developmental process is being viewed negatively by females and positively by males. Male early maturers more often had deviant behavior, but there were no consistent findings for girls. There was no effect of maturational timing on teacher reports of school absence, adjustment, popularity, need for discipline, or grade repetition.This research was supported by the Stanford Center for the Study of Youth Development and by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.Received M.D. from The Medical College of Pennsylvania.Received Ph.D. in anthropology from Stanford University.Received Ph.D. in sociology from the University of Chicago.Received M.D. from Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons.Received Ph.D. in psychology from Harvard University.     

Financing the German Federal System in the 1980s

Public finance is a crucial issue in any federation. In thesystem of shared public financing in Germany, no unit of governmentis fiscally dependent on the other. The federal and Land governmentsshare the personal income tax, the corporation tax, and thevalue-added sales tax. Because the Bundesrat approves of theshares of these tax yields granted the federal and Land governments,the Länder are deeply involved in the public finance system.Fiscal equalization occurs both vertically and horizontally.The federal government provides the Länder with grants-in-aid,and also shares the financing of a number of "joint tasks."The Länder share their tax yields with their local governments.Fiscal transfers also take place among the richer and poorerLänder and among the municipalities within the boundariesof individual counties. Controversy exists over the shares tobe given the respective governments from the value-added taxand over fiscal equalization between the richer (South) andpoorer (North) Länder.     

A Social Process Model of Adolescent Deviance: Combining Social Control and Differential Association Perspectives

This paper examines social factors associated with changes in 2 forms of adolescent deviance, substance use and delinquency. Using longitudinal data, the research evaluates a model that combines ideas from 2 sociological explanations of crime. The model specifies 2 processes by which conventional social bonds reduce adolescent deviance over time: Strong social bonds indirectly reduce deviance by decreasing associations with deviant peers and by decreasing susceptibility to the negative influences of peers. The results of path analyses, using measures of peer deviance that are based on actual responses from the adolescents' close friends, support the conceptual model. Deviant friendships and susceptibility linked social bonds to both forms of problem behavior. Bonds were more consistently related to friends' substance use than to friends' delinquency. Supplementary analyses within gender subgroups indicate that the deviance of males was more strongly affected by the actions of friends than was deviance of females.     

Dealing with debt in the 1980s

Dynamics of World Development. Political Economy of the World System Annuals, Volume 4. Edited by Richard Rubison, London: SAGE. 1981. 264pp. £6.50.

Studies of the Modern World‐System. Edited by Albert Bergesen, London: Academic Press. 1980. 277pp. np.

World System Structure: continuity and change. Edited by W Ladd Hollist and James N Rosenau, London: SAGE. 1981. 320pp. £15.50. £6.50pb.

Muslim Society. Ernest Gellner, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1981. 264pp. £18.20.

African Businessmen and Development in Zambia. Andrew A Beveridge and Anthony R Oberschall Princeton University Press. 1980. 382pp. £13.40

Population and Technology. Ester Boserup, Oxford: Basil Blackwell. 1981. 255pp. £9.95.

Energy Systems and Development: constraints, demands and supply of energy for developing countries. Jyoti K Parikh, Delhi: Oxford University Press. 1980. 152pp. £7.75.

Energy for Development: an international challenge. North‐South Round Table, New York: Praeger. 1981. 257pp. np. pb.

Stitches in Time: the Commonwealth in world politics. Arnold Smith with Clyde Sanger, London: André Deutsch. 1981. 322pp. £9.95

From Rhodesia to Zimbabwe: the politics of transition. Henry Wiseman and Alastair M Taylor, Oxford: Pergamon (for the International Peace Academy). 1981. 192pp. £10.00

Southern Rhodesia Elections, February, 1980 The Report of the Commonwealth Observer Group on elections leading to independent Zimbabwe. Commonwealth Secretariat, London: Commonwealth Secretariat. 1980. 351pp. £6.00

Toward a Cultural Theory of Education and Schooling. Edited by Frederick Gearing and Lucinda Sangree London: Global Book Resources. 1980. 259pp. £18.12

The Law of International Trade. Mark S W Hoyle, London: Laureate Press. 1981. 414pp. £9.95

Cases and Materials on the Law of International Trade. Mark S W Hoyle, London: Laureate Press. 1980. 282pp. £12.50pb

School and Community in the Third World. M E Sinclair with Kevin Lillis, London: Croom Helm (with the Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex). 1979. 188pp. £10.95

Regionalism and the New International Economic Order. Edited by Davidson Nicol, Luis Echeverria and Aurelio Pecci, Oxford: Pergamon 387pp. £22.50 £8.50pb

New Economic Order and International Development Law. Oswaldo de Rivero B. Oxford: Pergamon. 1980.141pp. £8.00

Weak States in the International System. Michael Handel, London: Frank Cass. 1981. 318pp. £15.00

Developing Countries in the International Economy. Sanjaya Lall, London: Macmillan: 1981. 263pp. £20.00

The Non‐Aligned in Havana. Documents of the Sixth Summit Conference and an Analysis of their significance for the Global Political System. Peter Willetts, London: Frances Pinter. 1981.283pp. £16.95

The Transition to Egalitarian Development. K Griffin and J James, London: Macmillan. 1981.128pp. £15.00

Can Equity be Organised?. B. Schaffer and G Lamb London: Gower (for UNESCO). 1981. 166pp. £8.75

Universal Primary Education in Nigeria: a study of Kano State. Mark Bray, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. 1981. 212pp. £5.50 pb

The Arab Predicament: Arab political thought and practice since 1967. Fouad Ajami, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1981. 220pp. £12.50

Moroccan Islam: tradition and society in a pilgrimage centre. Dale F Eickelman, London: University of Texas Press. 1981. (Modern Middle East Series No. 1) 303pp. £5.85 pb

Jassim: a study in the psychosocial development of a young man in Qatar. Levon H Melikian, London: Longman. 1981. 112pp. £11.95

African Socialism in Two Countries. Ahmed Mohiddin, London: Croom Helm. 1981.231pp. £12.50.

Uganda: a modern history. Jan Jelmert Jørgensen, London: Croom Helm. 1981.381pp. £13.95.

Economic and Political Development of Kenya. Edited by Priya Mutalik‐Desai, Bombay: Himalaya Publishing House. 1979. 200pp. £5.00.

The Role of Finance in the Transition to Socialism. Stephany Griffith‐Jones, London: Frances Pinter. 1981. 194pp. £12.50.

The USSR and Africa: foreign policy under Khrushchev. Dan C Heldman, New York: Praeger. 1981. pp. £20.00.

Dependent Capitalism in Crisis: the Sri Lankan economy 1948–1980. Satchi Ponnambalam, London: Zed Press. 1980. 232pp. £14.95.

The Future of Oil, A Simulation Study of the Inter‐relationships of Resources, Reserves and Use, 1980–2080. Peter R Odell and Kenneth E Rosing, London: Kegan Paul. 1980. 265pp. £20.00.

The Supply of Petroleum Reserves in South‐East Asia: Economic Implications of Evolving Property Rights Arrangements. Corazón Morales Siddayao (for the Institute of South East Asian Studies, Singapore and The East‐West Centre, USA) Kuala Lumpur Oxford University Press. 1980. 240pp. £12.50.

The Off‐Shore Petroleum Resources of South‐East Asia: Potential Conflict Situations and Related Economic Considerations. Corazón Morales Siddayao (for the Institute of South East Asian Studies, Singapore) Kuala Lumpur Oxford University Press. 1980. 205pp. £8.00.

Family, Labour and Trade in Western Kenya. Per Kongstad and Mette Monsted. 186pp.

Economic and Social Transformation in Rural Kenya. John Carlsen. 230pp.

Marketing Co‐operatives and Peasants in Kenya. Torben Bager. 116pp. Uppsala: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies. 1980. Skv 25 each.

State, Society and Economy in Saudi Arabia. Edited by Tim Niblock, London: Croom Helm (for Centre for the Arab Gulf Studies, University of Exeter). 1982. 250pp. £14.95.

Brazil in the International System: the rise of a middle power. Edited by Wayne E Selcher, Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press. 1981. 251pp. £18.50.

Inequality and economic development in Malaysia. Donald R Snodgrass, Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press. 1980. 326pp. £14.50.

Local Government in Peninsular Malaysia. M W Morris, London: Gower. 1980. 121pp. £9.50.

China's Development Experience in Comparative Perspective. Edited by Robert F Dernberger, London: Harvard University Press. 1981. 347pp. £18.00.

The Agrarian Structure of Bangladesh: an impediment to development. F Tomasson Januzzi and James T Peach Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press. 1981. 150pp. £13.00

Revolution and Economic Development in Cuba. Arthur MacEwan, London: Macmillan. 1981. 265pp. £20.00