A simple framework for analysing various real aspects of stabilisation and structural adjustment policies

This article shows how a simple geometric framework containing a real model based on the standard two‐good three‐factor trade theoretic model and a monetary model of the domestic banking system can be used to analyse the changes in the real and nominal values of various economic variables of concern resulting from stabilisation and structural adjustment policies     

"Hindu" bioethics?

The author offers a commentary on the question, "Are there Hindu bioethics?" After deconstructing the term "Hindu," the author shows that there are indeed no Hindu bioethics. He shows that from a classical and Brahminical perspective, medicine is an inappropriate and impure profession.     

Foreign ownership and firm scope in India

We examine how foreign ownership influences the extent to which firms engage in outsourcing. We observe a significant and positive relationship between the extent of foreign ownership and the level of internal sourcing for the firms. Second, when foreign owners have at least 51% ownership versus where foreign ownership is less than 51% we observe dramatic differences in outsourcing levels. Also we find that for firms with controlling foreign ownership undertaking in-house activities, the motivation to keep their property rights as inviolate as possible when their capability contributions within the Indian economy are large and significant is intense. For firms considering locating in India a strategy of internalization of activities in India is central towards retaining their competitive advantage.     

Psychological Barriers to Resolving Intergroup Conflict: An Extensive Review and Consolidation of the Literature

This article reviews over sixty years of research on psychological barriers to intergroup conflict resolution and finds that scholars have identified eighty nominally different barriers that create or exacerbate intergroup conflict. In order to create a tractable list that would be more helpful to future scholars and practitioners, we consolidate this vast literature (e.g., by eliminating substantive and conceptual redundancies) to produce a list of twenty‐six “unique” psychological barriers. We further organize this inventory of barriers with a framework that distinguishes between “cognitive,” “affective,” and “motivated” psychological barriers. To better understand the literature ecosystem of research on psychological barriers, we employ a data visualization tool to illustrate the extent to which each of the twenty‐six unique barriers has been studied conjointly with every other barrier in the articles we reviewed. We then shift our attention to the work of scholars who have attempted, experimentally, to attenuate psychological barriers in negotiation and conflict settings, and identify five primary methods for doing so. Finally, we discuss the implications of our review for future work in this field.     

The On-Line Auction Phenomenon: Growth,Strategies, Promise,and Problems

Summarizing panel discussions between auction practitioners and researchers at Northwestern University, this essay reviews the recent growth of on-line auction sites and addresses some of their key benefits and costs. We also describe recent research on bidder behavior, focusing on bidder reactions to different auction mechanisms. We believe that there is immense potential for communication and collaboration between auction practitioners and researchers. Such dialogue could supply researchers timely, real-world auction data. Simultaneously, the on-line auction community would gain information about the mechanics of auction formats and their effects on bidder behavior.     

Development of Criticality Index to Assess Water Quality in Major Rivers of Gujarat

Criticality of Surface Water Quality means the value of its physico-chemical parameters exceeding the specified limits and thus becomes of great importance due to their probable environmental impacts. The term was coined for intra-comparison between various parameters that determine the Water Quality. The Concept of Criticality Index is to assess the relative criticality of various parameters for Riverine Systems. These parameters are very many and include notable such as COD, DO, TDS, pH, etc. Normally, in water quality determination for river stretch, equal importance is given to all parameters and often the fact that certain parameters, more critical than others is neglected. This study emphasizes on this fact and works on related known concepts and logics, and developed the Index which is beneficial in identifying the critical parameters for river stretches. This is useful in prioritizing the mitigation measures due to their inherent characteristics.     

全球化,历史与发展:两个世纪的神话

本文从历史角度比较了19世纪晚期和20世纪晚期全球化的发展。结果表明全球化并不是一个关于融合和发展的神话故事,它并不必然导致经济快速增长和融合,反而是增长速度放慢,收入水平分化,国家间差距扩大。