严重受阻的欧洲一体化进程

当前欧盟内部各种矛盾突出,维系欧盟前行的＂深化＂和＂扩大＂两个车轮停摆,欧元区呈分裂之势,原指望解决劳动力匮乏的＂申根协议＂难以实施。随着德国对推进欧洲一体化热情减退,德法两国＂火车头＂作用减弱,加上美国干预力度的加大,欧洲逐渐走下坡路的势头恐怕难以避免。     

Empowerment at village level through a workshop method

This article describes the activities and lessons learned of a 2-day workshop held in Sheikhupura District in Punjab, Pakistan. The project aim was to strengthen primary health care and to include the community in health development. The pilot program established Village Health Committees (VHCs) to promote local participation. Villagers decided that VHCs should be representative of the community. The community elected traditional birth attendants, teachers, holy men, and village activists. Workshops were held with VHCs in order to provide basic concepts of community awareness, organization, and development. Each workshop included 3-4 VHCs. Groups were comprised of up to 6 people. Workshops were held near villages and had access to lavatories. The workshop aims were identified throughout individual sessions and linked with each other. Facilitators kept discussions relevant, objective, and interesting. Participants introduced each other, which provided an opportunity to establish comfort and trust. Initial discussions centered on health issues that were introduced as interrelated. The health system issues was related to the village situation. Participants were asked to develop a health system model. The aim of the sessions was to reinforce the importance of the role of community. An exercise was conducted to illustrate the importance of dialogue and collective work. Participants discussed the nature of community organization and means of development, threats to the village, and empowerment. The workshops created awareness of the process of community involvement in development and were ongoing.     

2008年欧洲形势评析

2008年欧盟经历了一系列危机,包括爱尔兰否决<里斯本条约>、俄格冲突、金融海啸等,这些危机多次引发欧盟内部的激烈争吵.但总体而言,欧盟在当前的危机面前表现得更为积极主动,协调性和一致性也更强.在危机及其应对过程中,欧盟凝聚力有所增强,国际影响力有所扩大,危机已在一定程度上成为欧盟深化一体化和提高自身国际地位的契机.     

欧盟战略态势评估

本文从经济、社会、安全、外交等方面对欧盟当前的战略态势进行了较为全面的分析和评估。本文认为,尽管欧盟及其各成员国一直在努力进行改革和调整,并取得一定成效,但欧盟仍处于战略困境之中,如经济和社会发展面临艰巨挑战,一体化未能走出低谷,能源安全及恐怖主义等各种非传统安全问题日益突出等,这对欧盟外交战略包括对华战略产生了较大影响。