ORGANIZING FOR EU IMPLEMENTATION: THE EUROPEANIZATION OF GOVERNMENT MINISTRIES IN ESTONIA,POLAND, AND SLOVENIA

Do different levels of exposure to EU law implementation have consequences for the organization of national ministries? Previous accounts suggest that European integration has little influence on the ‘hardware’ of member state administrations. Data covering the organization of 21 ministries in Estonia, Poland, and Slovenia show the Europeanization effect to be more pronounced than might be expected. Ministries responsible for transposing many EU directives tend to institutionalize centralized oversight in legislative planning, review, and monitoring; ministries with few implementation responsibilities rarely make such adaptations. This effect holds when one controls for the impact of partisan preferences and organizational conventions. The results offer a counterpoint to the studies of old member states that find little EU effect on the organization of domestic ministries.     

Forensic-medical significance of determination of concentration of water, potassium and sodium ions in diagnostics of infliction of sequences of stab-and-cut wounds

The results of analyses of content of water, potassium and sodium ions by Yu. A. Medvedev's method (1988) in muscular tissue from damage region in experiment, are represented. These analyses make possible to determine sequences of stab-and-cut wounds inflicted at short time before death.