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Terrorist groups and armed insurgents regularly exploit illicit markets to launder money, traffic illegal goods, and purchase arms. In such an environment, the line between armed political organizations and criminal groups appears to break down. However, through a comparative study of paramilitary groups and Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia—FARC) in Colombia, this article finds that group goals, the political environment, and membership strongly influence the types of criminal activities a given armed groups undertakes. Thus, the membership and political agenda of sub-state armed groups not only distinguishes them from criminal groups—organized for and motivated by economic gain—but also shapes their criminal behavior. 相似文献
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Optimising the development opportunities presented by emerging powers' growing interest in trade, investment and diplomatic engagement in Africa seems a priority for the continent in the context of a changing global system in which power is more diffuse. Taking into account a reconceptualisation of aid effectiveness as development effectiveness, this paper focuses on the manner in which African states understand and approach new opportunities for cooperation with emerging powers, especially China, India and Brazil, including the crucial issue of whether they seek joint development initiatives with both traditional partners and emerging powers. The central argument is that South–South cooperation, which is value-neutral although rhetorically reflecting the principles of solidarity and mutual benefit, must be part of an effective strategy to draw emerging economies into the national or regional development objectives of African states and the continent at large. 相似文献
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The aim of this study is to determine the effects of violence on the reproductive health of women and utilization of reproductive
health services. The study population consisted of 250 married women aged 15 to 49, selected from patients at two different
hospitals’ obstetrics and gynecology clinics in Ankara, Turkey. A data collection form and the “Scale of Marital Violence
Against Women” were used to obtain data. According to the study, women who have lower education levels and who first experience
marriage and sexual intercourse at a younger age suffer from violence more frequently. Women experiencing violence have higher
gravida and para numbers. The majority of these women has not undergone appropriate prenatal care and delivered their babies
under the supervision of a health care professional. These women have been using traditional and ineffective contraceptive
methods. Marital violence has led to unfavorable effects on these women’s reproductive health and utilization of reproductive
health services. 相似文献
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Islam Kashif Bilal Ahmad Raza Zaidi Syed Anees Haider 《Economic Change and Restructuring》2022,55(4):2391-2421
Economic Change and Restructuring - This study investigates symmetric and asymmetric association between the economic freedom index and sustainable stock market development (SMD) in Pakistan.... 相似文献
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