排序方式: 共有43条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Katrina Rebecca Bloch Rodney L. Engen Kylie L. Parrotta 《Criminal Justice Studies》2014,27(4):419-438
This study examines the intersection of offenders’ race and gender in the sentencing process using data on felony cases sentenced in North Carolina. Analyses examine the likelihood that charges were reduced in severity between initial filing and conviction, the likelihood of imprisonment, and the length of sentence imposed, and test whether race affects punishment similarly for men and women. Results indicate that status characteristics predict both reductions in charge severity and the severity of the final sentence, and that racial disparity is conditional on gender. However, the results are not entirely consistent with predictions derived from the extant literature. Gender significantly predicts case outcomes at each stage, but black men were not uniformly disadvantaged, and black women received the least severe treatment in two out of four analyses. Theoretical implications for the intersection of race and gender in sentencing theories are discussed. 相似文献
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Nathalie Boulos MD Divya Mallela JD Alan Felthous MD 《Journal of forensic sciences》2023,68(4):1206-1217
In 1976, the Supreme Court of California issued its well-known Tarasoff Principle. From this principle, other courts found a duty to warn, and some found more than just a duty to warn, a duty to protect. As courts in other states adopted a version of the Tarasoff Principle, they issued a wide variety of third-party liability rules. In light of the dynamic, everchanging Tarasoff jurisprudence in the United States and recent relevant appellate court opinion in Missouri, a timely updated summary and update of Tarasoff-related jurisprudence in Missouri is warranted. In the present analysis, we compiled the four appellate court decisions that pertained to the questions of Tarasoff-like third-party liability in the State of Missouri: Sherrill v. Wilson (1983), Matt v. Burrell (1995), Bradley v. Ray (1995), and Virgin v. Hopewell (2001). We reviewed all legal measures for clinicians to protect nonpatients in Missouri, not just those that relate to protecting nonpatients from violence as in a Tarasof-like scenario. Thus, this paper concisely provides a compendium of such options and allows for a meaningful comparison of which legal, protective measures are mandatory and which are permissive, thereby evoking the question of whether measures of protecting nonpatients from a patient's violent acts ought to be mandatory duties or permissive application of professional judgment. 相似文献
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Frances E. Zollers JD 《The Journal of Technology Transfer》1989,14(1):26-31
The debate over scientific issues has made a difficult transition from the scientific community to the public-polity process.
The traditional view of scientists undertaking “pure” science in their laboratories did not envision government intervention
into scientific and technological discovery through administrative agency regulation of risks associated with the results
of such research. Yet examples of government regulation of technological risks abound as the nation grapples with nuclear
power issues, new-drug testing, and environmental issues, to name a few. This paper considers whether the presently constituted
regulatory apparatus is capable of responding to dramatic advances in technology in a timely and effective way. Concluding
that it is not, the paper examines the circumscribing characteristics of the regulatory process. Then it discusses alternate
approaches for regulating the risks posed by science and technology without doing too much violence to due process or the
notion of public participation in the regulatory function. 相似文献