Allele frequency distributions of four variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) loci in the London area.

Allele frequency distributions of four hypervariable minisatellite loci were obtained from a large sample of individuals in the London area. The sample is subdivided into three major ethnic groups; Caucasian, Afro-Caribbean and Asian, and histograms for these groups are displayed for comparison. The distributions are discussed in relation to mutation rates, heterozygosity and the computer analysis and processing of results.     

Experiences with single locus DNA probes in casework.

DNA profiling in this laboratory has been employed primarily in cases of sexual assault and the largest category of items examined has been internal vaginal swabs. 79% of these gave a profile which was different from that of the victim. Results have been obtained from swabs taken up to 70 h after intercourse. In cases where DNA results were obtained, one or more suspects were excluded in 29% of the cases.     

Health and Safety at Home: Private and Public Responsibility for Unsatisfactory Housing Conditions

This paper reviews two legislative approaches intended to control housing conditions in the rented sector - the landlords' contractual obligations, and the powers of local authorities. The authors argue that the landlords' covenants are almost totally ineffective, and that it now rests on local authorities to protect the health and safety of tenants. Breaches of the implied covenants that houses should be fit and in repair will provide tenants with a legal action against their landlords. However, the tenant's standing is now so weak that these covenants fail to provide protection. The Housing Act 2004 introduced a regulatory framework based upon assessing the risks to the health and safety - the Housing Health and Safety Rating System (HHSRS) - giving local authorities tools to ensure that housing is as safe and health as possible.
The history of the regulation of housing conditions also reveals important insights into the nature of private and public regulation.