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Self-determination theory emphasizes the importance of school-based autonomy and belongingness to academic achievement and psychological adjustment,
and the theory posits a model in which engagement in school mediates the influence of autonomy and belongingness on these
outcomes. To date, this model has only been evaluated on academic outcomes. Utilizing short-term longitudinal data (5-month
timeframe) from a set of secondary schools in the rural Midwest (N = 283, M age = 15.3, 51.9% male, 86.2% White), we extend the model to include a measure of positive adjustment (i.e., hope). We also
find a direct link between peer-related belongingness (i.e., peer support) and positive adjustment that is not mediated by
engagement in school. A reciprocal relationship between academic autonomy, teacher-related belongingness (i.e., teacher support)
and engagement in learning is supported, but this reciprocal relationship does not extend to peer-related belongingness. The
implications of these findings for secondary schools are discussed.
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Mark J. Van RyzinEmail: |
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Robert?D.?DavisEmail author Cary?D.?Rostow James?B.?Pinkston Dennis?R.?Combs Dennis?R.?Dixon 《Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology》2004,19(1):17-26
This study reports an analysis of Bartol's (1991) Immaturity Index and Hargrave and associates' (1988) Aggressiveness Index
as a measure of police conduct. The correlations between the supervisory ratings and the Immaturity and Aggressiveness indices
were examined for 1020 law enforcement officers. The results showed that Immaturity Index was related to termination for failure
to complete training and insubordination. The Aggressiveness Index was related to a termination for failure to complete training
and several other problematic police behaviors, but was not found to be specifically linked with acts of aggression. Implications
for using these two indices in law enforcement selection are discussed.
Authors' Note: Cary Rostow, Ph.D. is president of Matrix, Inc., Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and is in private practice in Baton Rouge. Robert
Davis, Ph.D., is executive vice-president and director of science, research, and development for Matrix, Inc., and has a private
practice in Baton Rouge. James B. Pinston, Ph.D., is a clinical neuropsychologist within the department of neurology at the
Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and School of Medicine in Shreveport, Louisiana. Dennis R. Combs, Ph.D.,
is an assistant professor of psychology at the University of Tulsa. Dennis R. Dixon, M.A., is currently a doctoral student
at Louisiana State University. 相似文献
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Amended final-offer arbitration (AFOA) has been developed asan attractive alternative mechanism to final-offer arbitration(FOA). Under AFOA, more reasonable offers win, but the outcomeis determined by the loser's offer and the arbitrator's value.In AFOA, disputants making extreme offers are penalized, therebyencouraging compromise. This article compares the theoreticaland behavioral properties of AFOA and FOA. Controlled laboratoryexperiments indicate that AFOA significantly outperforms FOA,generating substantially greater prearbitration settlement.Consistent with theoretical predictions, offers converge underAFOA; however, FOA offers neither converge nor are consistentwith theoretical predictions. This work suggests practitionersshould consider adopting AFOA over FOA. 相似文献
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William U. Weiss Sarah N. Zehner Robert D. Davis Cary Rostow Emily DeCoster-Martin 《Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology》2005,20(1):16-21
A relative newcomer to personality assessment in the area of law enforcement is the Personality Assessment Inventory, or PAI.
Earlier MMPI research in the area of police selection has focused upon antisocial behavior, control of aggression, and validity
indices, particularly the L scale. In this study T scores for 800 male and female police officer candidates on the PAI scales
Negative Impression (NIM), Positive Impression (PIM), Antisocial-Antisocial Behaviors (ANTA), Antisocial-Egocentricity (ANTE),
and Antisocial-Stimulus Seeking (ANTS) were used as predictors of the criterion variables Insubordination, Excessive Citizen
Complaints, and Neglect of Duty. Highly significant coefficients were obtained for ANTE as a predictor of Insubordination
and Excessive Citizen Complaints. For Neglect of Duty, two significant coefficients were obtained, one for ANTS and another
for NIM. Discussion centered on the fact that egocentricity is a predictor of Insubordination and Excessive Citizen Complaints,
and Neglect of Duty is related to stimulus seeking.
Authors' Note: William U. Weiss, Ph.D., is a professor in the Department of Psychology, The University of Evansville, 1800 Lincoln Avenue,
Evansville, IN 47722. Sarah Zehner is an undergraduate psychology major at The University of Evansville. Robert Davis, Ph.D.,
is executive vice-president and director of science, research, and development for Matrix, Inc., and Cary Rostow, Ph.D., is
president of Matrix, Inc., Baton Rouge, LA. Emily DeCoster-Martin was an undergraduate psychology major at The University
of Evansville at the time this paper was written. 相似文献
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Emily DeCoster-Martin William U. Weiss Robert D. Davis Cary D. Rostow 《Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology》2004,19(2):64-71
As a general rule, pathologies tend to impair job performance. In a study involving performance criteria and the Personality
Assessment Inventory in a sample of Louisiana police officers (N=800), OCD characteristics correlated significantly in a negative
direction with several performance criteria, such as involvement in an on-duty or off-duty at fault moving violation, number
of on-duty or off-duty at fault moving violations, any citizen complaints regarding unprofessional conduct, number of unprofessional
conduct, and accusation in any way of racially offensive conduct, behavior, verbalization, or complaints. It has been found
that the traits of obsessive-compulsive disorder, in moderation, may actually improve performance in police officers. This
agrees with the Yerkes-Dodson law, which states that peak performance occurs when a person experiences mild to moderate levels
of stress.
Authors' Note: Emily DeCoster-Martin was an undergraduate psychology major at The University of Evansville at the time this paper was written.
William U. Weiss, Ph.D., is a professor in the Department of Psychology, The University of Evansville, 1800 Lincoln Av., Evansville,
IN 47722. Robert D. Davis, Ph.D., is executive vice-president and director of science, research, and development for Matrix,
Inc., Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Cary Rostow, Ph.D. is president of Matrix, Inc. 相似文献
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Cary D. Rostow Robert D. Davis Judith P. Levy 《Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology》2002,17(2):1-8
In the current legal atmosphere, any practicing professionals, including police psychologists, may expect to have their decisions
challenged in court. If such a challenge is not met, it may have a disastrous financial and reputational impact for both the
psychologist (and other expert consultant) and the employer or contractor by whom the psychologist has been retained. The
rules for expert witness qualification throughout the nation have been very strongly effected by the introduction of the Federal
Rules of Evidence in 1975 and subsequent case law, particularly theDaubert, Joiner, andKumho Tire Supreme Court decisions. This article examines the history of the development of theDaubert Standard and proposes principles for potential expert witnesses in order to minimize the likelihood of aversive consequences, such
as disqualification or malpractice accusations.
Authors' Note: Cary Rostow, Ph.D., is president of Matrix, Inc., Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and is in private practice in Baton Rouge. He holds
a Diplomate in Police and Criminal Psychology from the Society for Police and Criminal Psychology. Robert Davis, Ph.D., is
executive vicepresident and director of science, research, and development, for Matrix, Inc., and has a private practice in
Baton Rouge, Louisiana. He holds a Diplomate from the Society for Police and Criminal Psychology. Judith Levy, Ph.D., is currently
a postdoctoral fellow at Matrix, Inc. 相似文献
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William U. Weiss Robert Davis Cary Rostow Sarah Kinsman 《Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology》2003,18(1):57-60
The MMPI has been used extensively in the selection of law enforcement personnel. Because police officer candidates have been
preselected, however, individuals with obvious mental disturbance have been screened out of the candidate pool before evaluation.
It is necessary to search for more subtle variables to serve as predictors of unsatisfactory future performance. The L scale
is a subtle variable which can suggest potential for problematic behavior. The value of the L scale in the selection process
is discussed.
Authors' Note: William U. Weiss, Ph.D., is professor of psychology. The University of Evansville, 1800 Lincoln Av., Evansville, IN 47722.
Robert Davis, Ph.D., is executive vice-president and director of science, research, and development, for Matrix, Inc., and
Cary Rostow, Ph.D., is president of Matrix, Inc., Baton Rouge, LA. Sarah Kinsman was a psychology major at the University
of Evansville at the time this research was conducted. 相似文献
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