Measuring double consciousness among black law enforcement officers to understand the significant role of race in law enforcement occupational cultures

The current study correlates Merton's anomie theory and W. E. B. Dubois's double-consciousness theory to measure black law enforcement officers' reactions to occupational strain resulting from officers' ethnic-identification. Measuring levels of anomic behavior provides a scale for identifying levels of risk affecting the well-being of individual officers and organizations. Testing hierarchal regression models with a national sample of black state- and federal-level law enforcement officers (n = 84) reveals a presence of double consciousness as a significant predictor for levels of anomic behavior in law enforcement occupational cultures. It also further suggests that race remains a significant factor in law enforcement organizations and cultures, whereas many police executives would prefer to believe that race issues in policing are settled.     

Constitutionalizing Employment Relations: Sinzheimer, Kahn-Freund, and the Role of Labour Law

Hugo Sinzheimer and his one-time student Otto Kahn-Freund are widely regarded as the founding fathers of German and British labour law respectively. While, at first glance, the two scholars might appear to have advocated rather different approaches to the regulation of employment relations, a review of their work reveals that both argued, in essence, for the 'constitutionalization' of those relations. Both argued, in other words, for the removal from the economic sphere of the otherwise inequitable consequences of the functioning of private law, so that collectivized labour might participate with capital, on a parity basis, in the autonomous regulation of the economy.     

Reflections on the Role of Joint Financial Management Improvement Program

The Joint Financial Management Improvement Program was created by the Congress as a means to encourage and sanction cooperation between the executive and legislative branches in the improvement of the government's financial management. This article traces the need for and development of the Joint Program. It also points out how underutilized the Joint Program is in today's efforts by the federal government to develop financial systems which have real meaning for administrative and program management.     

德国不动产法中确立公证人公证的作用

一、简短的历史回顾(一)土地是立法者的“宠儿”在德国,土地的转让及其相关物的权利的成立自古以来就具有重要的经济和政治意义。早在上个世纪,相关土地的法律规定就不同于动产,并且规定更加详细。以前的德国立法者就特别关注土地的立法,直到现在也是如此。(二)土地登记薄和法院书记官———土地登记薄和公证人随着贸易重要性的提高和经济交往在空间上的延伸,在德国的一些地区,尤其是当时的经济中心的大城市,早在中世纪的时候就引入了土地登记薄,对土地及其相关权利进行登记,保证其所有权的清楚。土地登记簿的登记常由法院书记官完成。但是,…     

Increasing Allele Detection by Altering the Quantity of Internal Lane Standard

Electrokinetic injection (EI) is the primary method used in forensic laboratories to load amplified PCR product in capillary electrophoresis for short tandem repeat (STR) fragment separation. Because all samples subjected to capillary electrophoresis use internal lane standard (ILS), this study investigated the consequence of varying the volume of ILS and its effects on allele peak heights and number of alleles detected. Results demonstrated that when the volume of ILS is reduced, the average peak height and number of alleles increased, thereby increasing the sensitivity of the detection method. Sizing anomalies were observed; however, they did not adversely affect accuracy and precision. The method developed in this study offers a simple and universal procedure to increase the alleles detected in forensic STR analysis. Reducing the volume of ILS to achieve greater sensitivity is applicable to all STR amplification kits and capillary electrophoresis instruments currently used in forensic DNA analysis.     

Reviews

National Unification and Economic Development in Vietnam, by Melanie Beresford. Macmillan, Basingstoke and London, 1989. xv + 296 pp. £45 hardback, £16.99 paperback. ISBN 0–333–48447–9 and 0–333–49729–5.

The Origins of the Vietnam War, by Anthony Short. Longman, London and New York, 1989. xvi+347pp. £8.95 paperback. ISBN0–582–49081–2.

Vietnam at War: The History: 1946–1975, by Phillip B. Davidson. Sidgwick & Jackson, London, 1989. x + 838 pp. £13.99. ISBN 0–283–99935–7.

Vietnam Images: War and Representations, edited by Jeffrey Walsh and James Aulich. Macmillan, Basingstoke and London, 1989. xv + 224 pp. £9.99 paperback. ISBN 0–333–45801‐X.

Cambodge: Histoire et Enjeux 1945–1985, by Camille Scalabrino, Serge Thion, Marie‐Claire Orieux et al. L'Harmattan, Paris, 1986. 237 pp. ISBN 2–85802–671–8.

Affaires Cambodgiennes 1979–1989, by Camille Scalabrino, Serge Thio, Marie‐Claire Orieux et al. L'Harmattan, Paris, 1989. 256 pp. ISBN 2–7384–0317–4.

Visions and Heat: The Making of the Indonesian Revolution, by William H. Frederick. Ohio University Press, Athens, 1989. xxvi+339 pp., maps. $36.95 hardback, $17.95 paperback. ISBN 0–8214–0905–0 and 0–8214–0906–9.

Born in Fire: The Indonesian Struggle for Independence, edited by Colin Wild and Peter Carey. Ohio University Press (by arrangement with BBC Publications), Athens, 1988. xxvii+215 pp., notes, illus. $26.95 hardback, $12.95 paperback. ISBN 0–8214–0881‐X and 0–8214–0882–8.

The Army and Politics in Indonesia (revised edition), by Harold Crouch. Cornell University Press, Ithaca. NY and London, 1988. 384 pp. $10.95 paperback. ISBN 0–8014–9506–7.