Estimation of age at death by tibial osteon remodeling in an autopsy series

Estimation of age at death by histological methods in tibiae has been found to be inaccurate in individuals less than 55 years of age. This study describes reasons for the inaccurate age estimates and provides a new regression equation for age estimation. Bone cores were removed from tibiae in 53 individuals at autopsy ranging in age from 17 years to 53 years of age; 48 males and 5 females. The sample contained 41 whites and 12 blacks. Variables ascertained from each core were: cortical thickness, cortical bone density, secondary osteon number, area, and perimeter, and Haversian canal area and perimeter. The results showed significant differences in secondary osteon number, area, and perimeter between groups aged less than and greater than 35 years of age. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated osteon number to be the best predictor of age in this sample aged less than 55 years of age. Age at death was accurately estimated for 11 additional forensic cases using osteon number in tibiae. No significant histological differences were observed between males and females and between blacks and caucasians.     

Local government,multilevel governance,and cluster‐based innovation policy: Economic cluster strategies in Canada’s city regions

This article examines the relationship between local government economic development policy and multilevel governance, and investigates whether multilevel governance can be effectively implemented in key sectors, using two case studies of the aerospace and fashion sectors. This article seeks to answer the following questions: What inhibits the formation of multilevel collaborative governance institutions in these sectors? What implications does this have for urban economic development policy for the City of Toronto, and by extension, other cities across Canada? The case study evidence suggests that these institutions are forming in other cities such as Montreal and contributing to their success. So why is Toronto different?     

Same Question,Different Answers: Theorizing Victim and Third Party Decisions to Report Crime to the Police

The current study attempts to address a key, but underdeveloped, area in crime reporting literature: the decisions of non-victims to report crime. Drawing on a theory of criminal justice decision-making, we argue that the decision to report a crime reflects a rational process, where the individual considers his or her goals, potential actions, and the relative ability of those actions to achieve the specified goals. Differences in each of these areas result in different decision-making processes for victims and third parties. We offer a preliminary test of our arguments using data from the National Crime Victimization Survey. In general, we find support for our expectations, with third party reporting decisions more heavily influenced by crime seriousness and less so by the offender’s relationship with the victim than are victim reporting decisions. In concluding, we argue that third party reporters should be focal points of future reporting analyses.     

Let’s not conflate APD with political history,and other reflections on “Causal Inference and American Political Development”

Public Choice - American political development (APD) is a distinctive field of research that should not be conflated with, or flattened into a caricature of, historical research that uses...     

Assessing the validity of white-collar crime definitions using experimental survey data

Journal of Experimental Criminology - We examine the extent to which the characteristics of offenders, the circumstance of offending, and offense characteristics affect public willingness to label...     

The Spinster in the Garden: Joy and Transcendence in Elizabeth von Arnim’s Father and Fräulein Schmidt and Mr Anstruther

Abstract

This article proposes an original reading of Father (1931) and Fräulein Schmidt and Mr Anstruther (1907), two texts by Elizabeth von Arnim that centre on a young single woman. It will examine how female autonomy is spatially imagined in the form of a garden and poses significant challenges to the patriarchal societies presented in the texts. Many scholars have detailed the recurring motif of the garden in Elizabeth and Her German Garden (1898) and The Solitary Summer (1899). The two texts this article addresses were published later than those that have been discussed in relation to the garden, and signal a move away from the married female towards an examination of the independent or single female. Significantly, they disrupt the traditional ‘marriage plot’ novel by tracing two single women’s movement into the garden as a retreat from the societies in which they live. In both texts, von Arnim presents a distinctively beautiful, transcendent garden experience for her female protagonists that contrasts with the oppressive expectations placed on them by urban society. These texts turn on dichotomies—city/country, built/organic environments, repression/freedom—to expose the central characters’ repression and their attempts to gain some degree of independence. Each central character experiences joy as a result of her interaction with the organic environment and the power the protagonist exercises over this space.     

Enzyme assays for the identification of gastric fluid

Simple, reliable procedures for the assay of pepsin and rennin-like enzyme activities are described as a means of identifying gastric fluid-containing samples in forensic science laboratories. These samples are usually vomitus, or stomach contents originating from wounds that perforate the stomach. They may be encountered at scenes or on articles submitted for examination, in fresh form or as dried stains. The pepsin activity assay is based on proteolytic activity with bovine albumin as substrate and the rennin-like activity assay is based on the coagulation of milk protein.