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This study examines the importance of victims’ expectations of the police, the decision to arrest, and voluntary contact on
satisfaction ratings of the police in domestic violence cases. Based on results from past research and modern police policy,
several hypotheses are tested including: fulfilled expectations, offender arrests, and voluntary contacts resulting in positive
satisfaction ratings of the police. To investigate these predictions further, the present study utilizes data from a national
study on violence against women in the United States. Logistic regression analyses indicate that fulfilled expectations and
the arrest decision are important to positive satisfaction ratings. Findings also indicate that involuntary, not voluntary,
contact with the police leads to higher satisfaction ratings. 相似文献
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Soltyszewski I Pepinski W Piatek J Zuk J Jozwiak R Janica J 《Forensic science international》2006,161(1):69-71
Allele frequencies for 10 STRs included in the AmpFlSTR SGM Plus kit were determined in a population sample of 668 unrelated individuals living in western Poland. All loci met Hardy-Weinberg expectations. Exact tests disequilibrium analysis revealed two departures from independence out of 45 pairwise comparisons. The combined matching probability (MP) and power of exclusion (PE) for all 15 loci are 2.56 x 10(-13) and 0.99996, respectively. 相似文献
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Jasinski JL 《Journal of interpersonal violence》2005,20(4):412-417
Thirty years after the first national estimates of intimate partner violence were published, the field has reached such a level of maturity that complex questions can be posed and sophisticated research studies can be designed to answer them. Out of this body of research, one of the most important things that researchers have learned is that violence and trauma are experienced in different ways by different individuals and as a result, require different types of prevention and intervention approaches. With this greater understanding of the problems of violence and trauma, together with a commitment to inclusive and practical research, the field is poised to move forward toward the ultimate goal of violence prevention. 相似文献
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Niemcunowicz-Janica A Pepinski W Janica JR Skawronska M J JJ Koc-Zorawska E 《Journal of forensic sciences》2007,52(4):867-869
Autolysis and putrefaction are crucial factors responsible for degradation of cells, tissues, and organs. Postmortem changes may assume different course depending on extrinsic and intrinsic conditions. The aim of the study was assessment of environmental effect on typeability of AmpFlSTR SGM Plus loci: D3S1358, VWA, D16S539, D2S1338, D81179, D21S11, D18S51, D19S433, TH01, FGA, and gender marker amelogenin. Brain and thyroid gland tissue specimens collected during autopsies of five persons aged 20-30 years were incubated at 21 degrees C and 4 degrees C in different environmental conditions. DNA was extracted by organic method from tissue samples collected in 7-day intervals and subsequently typed using AmpFlSTR SGM Plus kit and ABI 310. A fast decrease in typeability rate was seen in specimens incubated in peat soil and in sand. Brain tissue samples were typeable in all AmpFlSTR SGM Plus loci within 126 days of incubation at 4 degrees C. Faster DNA degradation was recorded in thyroid gland specimens. In samples with negative genotyping results, no DNA was found by fluorometric quantitiation. 相似文献
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Pittman Russell; Diaconu Oana; Sip Emanual; Tomova Anna; Wronka Jerzy 《Journal of Competition Law and Economics》2007,3(4):673-687
The railways of Russia and the Central and Eastern Europeancountries are in the process of restructuring. In most cases,the "vertical separation" reform model is being pursued, andreformers are seeking to introduce competition among freighttrain operators through the provision of "open access" to themonopoly infrastructure. This paper shows that, in two countries,Poland and Romania, a good deal of competition has been createdby the entry of new freight operators, many of them either largeshippers integrating upstream or former freight forwarders.However, in other countries, the incumbent freight operatorsretain virtually 100 percent of the market. In particular, Russiahas taken only the very first steps toward creating competitionin this sector, and new freight train operators face significantbarriers to competing with the incumbent. 相似文献
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Andrzej Olejniczak M.Sc. Aleksandra W. Cyganiuk M.Sc. Jerzy P. Lukaszewicz Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2010,55(3):747-752
Abstract: This article extends the application of 1,2,4‐triazine‐based chromogenic reagents to the detection of nonferrous metal traces left on contact with canvas and human skin. The possibility of detection of iron traces resulting from contact with objects made of stainless steel was investigated as well. Additionally, the ability of triazines to form chromatic complexes with Zn2+, Ni2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Cr3+, and Al3+ ions was studied spectrophotometrically. Molar absorption coefficients, ranging from 8.8 to 29.9 × 103/M/cm, provide high sensitivity of 1,2,4‐triazines toward nonferrous ions, thus, enabling the detection at concentrations as low as a few μM. The method was sensitive enough to detect traces resulting from a 1‐min contact with a stainless steel made object, which is commonly considered as a corrosion‐resistant material. The amounts of metal ions transferred to the skin after a 2‐min contact with objects made of brass, zinc, and copper were sufficient to develop chromatic imprints. 相似文献