法治的实现目标及其途径

法治社会的价值目标是追求民主、平等;法治的核心问题是约束、限制权力;法治国家的本质特征是体现民治;实现 法治化的基本途径是建立安全、方便、经济的参政方式。     

Family Context and Childhood Adjustment Associated with Intrafamilial Unwanted Sexual Attention

Unwanted sexual attention (UWSA) encompasses unsolicited verbal comments, gestures, stares, and other noncontact behaviors made regarding one's sexuality and physical appearance. The present study examined the correlates and impact of such UWSA perpetrated toward girls by family members. The first objective of the study was to explore whether family climate is associated with intrafamilial UWSA. This included looking at three types of dysfunctional parenting styles (unaffectionate, unavailable, and patriarchal) as well as exploring the co-occurrence of UWSA by adult and child relatives. The second objective was to then measure the impact of such intrafamilial UWSA on childhood emotional health, after controlling for parenting style and the experience of more traditional forms of child sexual abuse (CSA). Of the 296 university women (mean age = 19) who participated in the study, 70% (N = 206) reported UWSA from a family member prior to age 18. Whereas each dysfunctional parenting style was related to presence of UWSA, a simultaneous multiple regression analysis indicated that two of the parenting styles, patriarchal and parental unavailability, also predicted frequency of nonphysical UWSA within the family. Presence of UWSA from a child relative was significantly correlated with presence of UWSA from an adult relative. Additionally, a hierarchical multiple regression, entering the three parenting styles simultaneously in the first step, childhood sexual abuse in the second step, and familial UWSA in the last step, indicated that the frequency of UWSA by family members significantly predicted poorer childhood mental health when controlling for the other variables. Overall, results indicate that while the specific parenting styles which co-occur with UWSA may be detrimental in their own right, the impact of UWSA on girls appears to be above and beyond that of either parenting styles or CSA. Clinical implications are discussed.     

美国侵权法中父母侵权豁免制度变迁之探讨——兼对我国相关规则设计的思考

美国侵权法中的父母侵权豁免原则在经历了一个世纪的历程之后，近年来呈现出一种衰落的趋势。从对该原则的起源、理论基础以及应用现状等方面的分析来看，对于我国相关规则设计具有一定的启示作用，如在立法中不宜采纳父母侵权豁免原则，未成年人应当就其所遭受的父母侵权享有诉权但应当附有范围、类型和程度方面的限制，父母的惩戒权应当予以肯定，禁止父母采用的惩戒方式应当予以明确等。     

Lost opera, lost copyright

This decision of the Regional High Court of Düsseldorfhighlights the strict rules applicable to the rights ownersburden of proof under section 71 Urheberrechtsgesetz (GermanAuthors' Act).     

马其顿新总统布兰科·茨尔文科夫斯基

2004年4月14日,马其顿举行“非常总统选举”。4月29日,马其顿中央选举委员会宣布,执政党社会民主联盟总统候选人、时任总理布兰科·茨尔文科夫斯基以62.66%的得票率赢得这次总统大选。5月12日,布兰科·茨尔文科夫斯基在首都斯科普里宣誓就职,任期5年。一布兰科·茨尔文科夫斯基     

The incidence of alleged sexual abuse in 603 family court cases

The conflict and animosity that sometimes accompanies child custody disputes can give rise to the propagation of allegations of child sexual abuse. To characterize the magnitude of the problem, the present study attempted to determine whether and to what extent child sexual abuse allegations predominate in family court litigation. The entire one-year caseload of a county family court docket was systematically reviewed and coded. Methodical evaluation of 603 family court files yielded base rates of pertinent allegations and other information profiling the cases. The findings did not support the contention that sexual abuse allegations are commonplace in child custody disputes. Sexual abuse allegations were made in 2% of cases in which custody or access was contested and in only 0.8% of the cases overal. Implications of the findings for future research were discussed.The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of the Honorable William R. Campbell and Barbara Scott, Clerk of Court for the South Carolina Fifth Judicial Circuit, as well as the contributions of Angie Newton, Frank Robinson, and Kimberly Ellis in the data collection process.     

美国政府采购立法及其借鉴意义

美国是世界上政府采购法律制度最为完善的国家之一。其政府采购立法的成功经验对政府采购法律制度不太完善的我国来说 ,具有借鉴意义。本文对美国政府采购立法的基本原则、特点作出了阐述以及对我国政府采购立法的借鉴做出了探讨     

Bounding the number of contributors to mixed DNA stains

We derive a simple inequality for the probability of observing a given DNA profile when assuming a fixed number of unknown persons have contributed to the mixed stain. We then show how this inequality can be used to obtain an upper bound for the number of unknown contributors needed to be considered.