Strategic voting and effective representation thresholds: Evidence from three Spanish general elections

The extent of strategic voting in the Spanish general elections of 2000, 2004 and 2008 is estimated using a new measure of strategic incentives suitable for proportional representation systems that avoids some of the problems associated with lagged variables. Strategic behaviour increased from 12 to 33 per cent of the electoral base of the United Left Party, the major victim of strategic defection. This estimate is a conservative one as elite mobilisation is controlled for in the constituencies, which is unusual in the literature on strategic voting that uses regression‐based methods.     

Modified variant of macroscopic study of the myocardium in cases of sudden death from cardiovascular diseases

A method for examination of the myocardium modified for forensic medical expert evaluations is described. The number of incisions made to open the heart cavities is decreased. The incisions for examining the myocardium are made at an angle of 45 degrees to the axis of the heart, which is simpler, allows the restoration of the organ shape, and permits the examination of a larger area of sections for detecting the slightest changes in the myocardium.     

Computer diagnosis of traumatic impact by hepatic lesion

A method of computer-assisted diagnosis of traumatic affection by liver damage (HEPAR-test program) is described. The program is based on calculated diagnostic coefficients using Bayes' probability method with Wald's recognition procedure.     

The use of scanners in forensic medicine

The paper describes usage of scanners with computer image processing for illustrations and as an independent method of clues examination in forensic medical practice.     

Mechanogenesis and morphology of a closed trauma of the liver inflicted by blunt hard objects (mathematical estimation)

A retrospective analysis was made on traumas associated with hepatic injury. Signs-lesions in different kinds of trauma are characterized. A mathematic probabilistic method for differential diagnosis of a traumatic impact by hepatic lesion was applied. The findings can be used in conduction of forensic-medical examinations for the kind and mechanism of trauma.