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Netherlands International Law Review - Judicial activism is a highly controversial term that has given rise to varied debates and discussions. While it remains elusive in legal scholarship on... 相似文献
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e-mail: jdh39{at}columbia.edu e-mail: gck2001{at}columbia.edu e-mail: ell2002{at}columbia.edu This paper develops and tests arguments about how national-levelsocial and institutional factors shape the propensity of individualsto form attachments to political parties. Our tests employ atwo-step estimation procedure that has attractive propertieswhen there is a binary dependent variable in the first stageand when the number of second-level units is relatively small.We find that voters are most likely to form party attachmentswhen group identities are salient and complimentary. We alsofind that institutions that assist voters in retrospectivelyevaluating partiesspecifically, strong party disciplineand few parties in governmentincrease partisanship. Theseinstitutions matter most for those individuals with the fewestcognitive resources, measured here by education. 相似文献
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