Children in the environment: Forest day-care centers: Modern day care with historical antecedents

Some features of early child care are more prominent in Norway than in other countries, such as emphasis on the outdoor environment. Of general relevance and interest is the form of day care provided by forest day-care centers. Three ideas form the development of these centers placed in wild areas. First, throughout history, Norwegians have had a close attachment to nature and some parents want to provide their children with outdoor experiences at an early age. Second, urging children to play outdoors characterizes the image many parents have of a happy, healthy childhood. Third, provision of day care for children has always been restricted in western countries, forcing parents to invent types of service that can become part of an ecological system that promotes healthy development.The forest day-care centers developed recently represent a supplement to the wide typology of child care in the 21st century. The article outlines the connections between these ideas in general European and western history and Norwegian history and presents debate and decisions about a question dating from the last half of the 1980s. It concludes that the forest day-care centers are perhaps only a modern form of the original kindergarten concept, which started in Europe and America as gardens for children not gardens of children.     

社区矫正的新发展——恢复性司法的运用

恢复性司法是刑事司法的热门话题,而我国的社区矫正正处在迅速发展阶段,两者有很多相似的理念,也有很多不同点。当前,我国社区矫正的工作大多还是处在围绕犯罪人进行矫治的理念阶段,而恢复性司法增加了对被害人,社区的关注。通过比较,发现现有社区矫正工作的不足,因而有必要对恢复性司法进行运用。     

Pulmonary arterial fibromuscular dysplasia: a rare cause of fulminant lung hemorrhage

Arterial fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) represents a collection of noninflammatory and nonatherosclerotic vascular diseases with a poorly understood etiology. Classically occurring in renal and cerebral arteries, this entity has also been reported in coronary, carotid, and other medium and small arteries. One case occurring in the pulmonary vasculature has been reported. Fatal hemothorax and lung hemorrhage have multiple causes, including other vascular malformations and connective tissue disorders; however, cases of pulmonary FMD are exceedingly rare. We report what appears to be the second such association, occurring in a 69-year-old man. The patient presented with a 3-week history of increasing dyspnea, fatigue, and productive cough; 3 days of increasing back and chest pain; and syncope. Chest radiograph showed a "white-out" of the left lung. The patient died shortly after admission from a fulminant respiratory disease of undetermined etiology. At autopsy he was found to have a massive left hemothorax resulting from an unsuspected pulmonary arterial fibromuscular dysplasia.     

贯彻落实十七届三中全会精神 推进铜仁地区农村改革发展

党的十七届三中全会,对我国农村改革发展做出了新的部署。我们应乘势而上,认真贯彻落实党的十七届三中全会精神,推进铜仁地区农村改革发展。     

青年干部的心理问题分析及调适

现实生活中,青年干部易出现成就动机过强、人际关系压力大、耐挫能力较差等心理问题。青年干部应掌握相应的心理调适方法,如掌握减压方法、理性看待成功、积极管理情绪、获得社会支持等。     

浅谈高校改革中的思想政治工作

随着改革开放的深入发展和社会主义市场经济体制的逐步建立,社会对人才素质提出了更高要求。高等教育要充分有效地发挥思想政治的服务和保证功能,才能适应形势发展需要。     

Children in the environment: Forest day-care centers

Some features of early child care are more prominent in Norway than in other countries, such as emphasis on the outdoor environment. Of general relevance and interest is the form of day care provided by forest day-care centers. Three ideas form the development of these centers placed in wild areas. First, throughout history, Norwegians have had a close attachment to nature and some parents want to provide their children with outdoor experiences at an early age. Second, urging children to play outdoors characterizes the image many parents have of a happy, healthy childhood. Third, provision of day care for children has always been restricted in western countries, forcing parents to invent types of service that can become part of an ecological system that promotes healthy development.

The forest day-care centers developed recently represent a supplement to the wide typology of child care in the 21st century. The article outlines the connections between these ideas in general European and western history and Norwegian history and presents debate and decisions about a question dating from the last half of the 1980s. It concludes that the forest day-care centers are perhaps only a modern form of the original kindergarten concept, which started in Europe and America as gardens for children not gardens of children.     

公司资本的构成——关于资本范畴的探讨

传统公司资本的功能在现代正逐渐衰落,无形资本的作用日趋明显.以商誉、人力资本、股权及公司债等形式出资已是事实.我国<公司法>原有的资本范畴显然不能适应经济的发展,有必要进行拓展以满足现实需要.     

Coordination processes and outcomes in the public service: the challenge of inter-organizational food safety coordination in Norway

In 2004 Norway implemented a food safety reform programme aimed at enhancing inter‐organizational coordination processes and outcomes. Has this programme affected inter‐organizational coordination processes and outcomes, both vertically and horizontally – and if so how? This article employs the concept of inter‐organizational coordination as an analytical tool, examining it in the light of two theoretical perspectives and coupling it with the empirical findings. The argument presented is that the chances of strong coordination outcomes may increase if inter‐organizational processes feature a clear division of labour, arenas for coordination, active leadership, a lack of major conflicting goals, and shared obligations.