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Jayaprakash PT Srinivasan GJ Amravaneswaran MG 《Forensic science international》2001,117(1-2):121-143
Skull-photograph superimposition continues to be the most prevalent method employed for identifying a skull recovered in a criminal case as that belonging to a putative victim whose face photograph is available. The reliability of identification achieved has been shown to be 91%, indicating the possibility of a skull mismatching with a face photograph belonging to a person other than the actual deceased. This lack of reliability dampens the confidence of the expert and in turn confounds the mind of the judge. It has been shown that the variations in the shape of the facial organs are influenced by the corresponding variations in the skeletal elements of the facial skull. "Cranio-facial morphanalysis", a new anthroposcopic method proposed here for evaluating the shape correlations between a skull and a face photograph, when applied conjointly with skull-photograph superimposition is shown to increase the reliability in forensic skull identification. 相似文献
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Japan stands among several nations in the forefront of applying advanced computer technologies to the automation of wastewater
treatment plant operations. Three case studies of implementation of innovative information technologies at Japanese sewage
treatment plants are presented. Analysis of the cases demonstrates how sociocultural factors, including personal and professional
networks, long-term relationships, lifetime employment, and a sense of social responsibility, have contributed to Japan's
ability to transfer new computer technologies from research environments to municipal wastewater treatment plants.
Srinija Srinivasan, a graduate of Stanford University's Symbolic Systems Program, is a researcher with Microelectronics and
Computer Technology Corporation. She and her colleagues are working on Cyc, a large-scale artificial intelligence project
to encode common-sense knowledge. 相似文献
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Sunderasan Srinivasan 《环境索赔杂志》2013,25(4):277-290
Perceptions relating to climate risks are generally shaped by discerning the erratic patterns and the rapidly changing frequencies of rainfall and drought sequences, and by painting a picture of the impacts of such events over ever shortening spans of time. Personal and business decisions in this context are, therefore, made under tremendous uncertainty relating to the immediate future and to the medium term. This article assesses investor response to the release of new information relating to climate change and global warming and the additional risks that weather-related phenomena are slated to bring. Attempts have been made to elaborate the findings and to support them with propositions, relevant data, and observations. 相似文献
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As handwriting is influenced by physiology, training, and other behavioral factors, a study of the handwriting of twins can shed light on the individuality of handwriting. This paper describes the methodology and results of such a study where handwriting samples of twins were compared by an automatic handwriting verification system. The results complement that of a previous study where a diverse population was used. The present study involves samples of 206 pairs of twins, where each sample consisted of a page of handwriting. The verification task was to determine whether two half-page documents (where the original samples were divided into upper and lower halves) were written by the same individual. For twins there were 1236 verification cases -- including 824 tests where the textual content of writing was different, and 412 tests where it was the same. An additional set of 1648 test cases were obtained from handwriting samples of nontwins (general population). To make the handwriting comparison, the system computed macro features (overall pictorial attributes), micro features (characteristics of individual letters), and style features (characteristics of whole-word shapes and letter pairs). Four testing scenarios were evaluated: twins and nontwins writing the same text and writing different texts. Results of the verification tests show that the handwriting of twins is less discriminable than that of nontwins: an overall error rate of 12.91% for twins and 3.7% for nontwins. Error rates with identical twins were higher than with fraternal twins. Error rates in all cases can be arbitrarily reduced by rejecting (not making a decision on) borderline cases. A level of confidence in the results obtained is given by the fact that system error rates are comparable to that of humans (lower than that of lay persons and higher than that of questioned document examiners [QDEs]). 相似文献
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Transaction Costs,Information Technologies,and the Choice of Marketplace among Farmers in Northern Ghana 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
AbstractUsing a transactions costs framework, we examine the impact of information and communication technologies (mobile phones and radios) use on market participation in developing country agricultural markets using a novel transaction-level data set of Ghanaian farmers. Our analysis of the choice of markets by farmers suggests that market information from a broader range of markets may not always induce farmers to sell in more distant markets; instead farmers may use broader market information to enhance their bargaining power in closer markets. Finally, we find weak evidence on the impact of using mobile phones in attracting farm gate buyers. 相似文献
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Using qualitative methodology—field observations and in-depth interviews—the study examines the role of Mahila Samakhya (a group advocating women's equality) and Nari Adalats (informal women's courts) in India in combating violence against women. Interviews were conducted with members of a Mahila Samakhya in the southwest state of Karnataka and complainants who appeared before Nari Adalats. Nari Adalats in Karnataka are an innovation of Mahila Samakhya, a Government of India development program. The results indicate that Nari Adalats exercise broad authority to investigate and dispose of a wide range of domestic violence cases in India. The Mahila Samakhya serves as an advocacy group and provides shelter, legal assistance, and social help as well as education for victims of domestic violence. 相似文献