Die Regelungen zur FFH Verträglichkeitsprüfung bei Freisetzung oder Inverkehrbringen von gentechnisch veränderten Organismen in § 34a BNatSchG

Im Jahr 2005 wurde das Gentechnikgesetz grundlegend novelliert. Damit kam der deutsche Gesetzgeber seinen europarechtlichen Verpflichtungen zur Anpassung des Rechts der Grünen Gentechnik – also der Nutzung gentechnischer Methoden durch Unternehmen der Agro-Industrie und der Saatgutbranche – nach. Neben einer Versch?rfung der Sicherheitsma?nahmen, der Einrichtung eines besonderen Ausschusses für Freisetzung und Inverkehrbringen sowie umfangreicher Regelungen zur Sicherstellung der Koexistenz konventioneller/?kologischer und gentechnischer Anbaumethoden enthielt die Novelle auch die Aufnahme des § 34a in das Bundesnaturschutzgesetzes4. Der neue § 34a BNatSchG soll Fragen des Einsatzes gentechnisch ver?nderter Organismen (GVO) in Europ?ischen Naturschutzgebieten des Netzwerks „Natura 2000“ regeln. Die ersten Praxiserfahrungen mit dieser Vorschrift sind ernüchternd. Den erhofften Schub in Richtung Schutz ?kologisch sensibler Gebiete brachte sie bislang nicht.     

Living in the Past or Living in the Future? Analyzing Parties’ Platform Change In Between Elections,The Netherlands 1997–2014

Do parties change their platform in anticipation of electoral losses? Or do parties respond to experienced losses at the previous election? These questions relate to two mechanisms to align public opinion with party platforms: (1) rational anticipation, and (2) electoral performance. While extant work empirically tested, and found support for, the latter mechanism, the effect of rational anticipation has not been put to an empirical test yet. We contribute to the literature on party platform change by theorizing and assessing how party performance motivates parties to change their platform in-between elections. We built a new and unique dataset of >20,000 press releases issued by 15 Dutch national political parties that were in parliament between 1997 and 2014. Utilizing automated text analysis (topic modeling) to measure parties’ platform change, we show that electoral defeat motivates party platform change in-between elections. In line with existing findings, we demonstrate that parties are backward-looking.     

Making Government Accountable: Lessons from a Federal Job Training Program

This article describes the evolution of a performance measurement system in a government job training program. In this program, a federal agency establishes performance measures and standards for substate agencies. The performance measurement system's evolution is at least partly explained as a process of trial and error characterized by a feedback loop: The federal agency establishes performance measures, the local managers learn how to game them, the federal agency learns about gaming and reformulates the performance measures, possibly leading to new gaming, and so on. The dynamics suggest that implementing a performance measurement system in government is not a one-time challenge but benefits from careful monitoring and perhaps frequent revision.     

La formation des opinions dans les votations populaires de politique extérieure

Ce texte résume et complète les principaux résultats d'une recherche consacrée à l’étude de la formation des opinions dans les votations populaires de politique extérieure. Guidée par le modèle théorique élaboré par John Zaller et basée sur une réanalyse des enquêtes VOX de la période 1981‐1995, cette étude montre que la formation des opinions en politique extérieure ne constitue pas un cas particulier, mais se distingue seulement des autres domaines politiques du point de vue des conditions sous lesquelles elle se produit (intensité des campagnes référendaires, type et niveau de conflit au sein de l’élite). Les analyses multivariées conduites dans ce texte confirment et enrichissent nos résultats antérieurs, en mettant en particulier en exergue l'importance du niveau de formation et des ressources cognitives relatives pour le soutien des projets gouvernementaux en     

Scanning electron microscopy analysis of experimental bone hacking trauma

The authors report on their macro- and microscopy study of bone lesions made by a sharp force instrument (a single blade knife), and a sharp-blunt instrument classified as a chopping weapon (a hatchet). The aim of this work was to attempt to identify the instrument by analyzing the general class characteristics of the cuts. Each weapon was used on human bones. The results indicate that macroscopic analysis is more problematic. The microscopic analysis assessed that characteristics examined were effective in distinguishing sharp from sharp-blunt injury to the bone. The microscope facilitates analysis unachievable with macroscopic methods, some three-dimensional characteristics not visible to the naked eye being clearly defined with its use. Emphasis has been placed on the value of SEM as an anthropologist's tool in bone lesion injuries.     

Value of hair analysis in postmortem toxicology

It is generally accepted that chemical testing of biological fluids is the most objective means of diagnosis of drug use. The presence of a drug analyte in a biological specimen can be used to document exposure. The standard in postmortem drug testing is a general unknown screening, followed by the gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric confirmation conducted on a whole blood sample. In recent years, remarkable advances in sensitive analytical techniques have enabled the analysis of drugs in unconventional biological specimens such as hair. The advantages of this sample over traditional media, like urine and blood, are obvious: collection is almost non-invasive, relatively easy to perform, and in forensic situations it may be achieved under close supervision of law enforcement officers to prevent adulteration or substitution. Moreover, the window of drug detection is dramatically extended to weeks, months or even years. The aim of this review is to document the current status of hair analysis in postmortem toxicology.     

Optimization of extraction parameters for the chemical profiling of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) tablets

The extraction of impurities from illegally produced 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) has been studied in order to optimize the parameters. Two different MDMA samples were used. Particular attention was paid to the influence of the pH, the evaporation step, and the sample storage. The method used was an extraction of impurities by diethyl ether from a buffer solution at pH 11.5, followed by gas chromatography (GC) mass spectrometric (MS) analyses after a dryness concentration under monitored conditions of the ethereal extract. Repeat extractions of the same sample gave an average relative standard deviation (RSD) of less than 8.5% within day and less than 10.5% between days.