Changes in Teachers’ Involvement Versus Rejection and Links with Academic Motivation During the First Year of Secondary Education: A Multilevel Growth Curve Analysis

Research consistently shows that the learning environment plays an important role for early adolescents’ learning and outcomes and suggests that good teacher–student relationships can serve as a protective factor for maintaining young adolescents’ interest and active engagement in learning. However, less is known about the dynamic nature of teacher–student relationships and how they link with academic motivation development. Furthermore, little is known about the nature and the effects of teacher–student relationships in a cross-national context. The present study investigated changes in two components of teacher–student relationships (teachers’ involvement vs. rejection) and examined links with students’ academic motivation during the first grade of secondary school. Ten Dutch and ten Indonesian teachers (65 % female) from 24 classes were videoed 12 times across the school year, and four videos for each class were selected randomly and coded on teachers’ involvement versus rejection. A total of 713 students (52 % girls) completed four-wave measures of their academic motivation after each video observation. Multilevel growth curve modeling revealed that the teacher’s involvement changed in a curvilinear way and decreased across the first year of secondary education, while changes in the teacher’s rejection did not follow a linear time function. Academic motivation changed in an undesirable way: controlled motivation increased, while autonomous motivation decreased over time. Teachers’ involvement had a unique contribution in preventing high levels of controlled motivation in both countries. Findings suggest that teacher–student relationships (teachers’ involvement) play an essential role in early adolescents’ motivation regardless of the nations and should be a priority for schools.     

The role of technology in the non-renewable energy consumption-quality of life nexus: insights from sub-Saharan African countries

Economic Change and Restructuring - This study examines the impacts of non-renewable energy (NRE) on quality of life (QOL) through the conditioning role of technology on a panel of 43 Sub-Saharan...     

THE EXISTENCE OF LAW NUMBER 23 YEAR 2002 ON CHILD PROTECTION

The increase number of street children that resulted in the disturbance of sense of justice, and humanity value in society as they have become ideal value stipulated in the preamble of 1945 UUD NKRI that state has obligation to protect its citizen, as it is also regulates in Part 4 UUD 1945 preamble. The increase number of street children indicates shifting function of state, which in the theory recognized function of state to provide protection toward all citizen including street children. The increase number of street children also indicates that state has ignored its duty to provide legal protection toward citizen yet also street children. Meanwhile, Law No. 23 year 2002 on children protection only regulates the general term of children protection and it still lacks of rules and concept of street children protection in the specific way as a basis to provide legal protection toward street children. The result of this research show that Law No. 23 year 2002 on children protection did not specifically accomodate the practice of legal protection on street children. This condition due to the process of Law on Children Protection drafting process are the issues of general term of children protection, education issue, economic issue, monetery crisis, poverty issue, political issue and street children issue. However until now, the issue relates to street children has increased qualitatively and quantitatively because Indonesia still regarding the issue of street children is an unfamous issue to discuss seriously and the fund to solve the problem of street children is incomparable to the economic oriented demand, meanwhile street children are children that have special needs that require attention and proper specific protection supported with specific regulation that regulates in Law No. 23 year 2002 in children protection as children with special needs.