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Mary Bryna Sanger 《Public administration review》2008,68(Z1):S70-S85
The Winter Commission’s aspirations for improvement of governance at the state and local level resulted in proposals to modernize public institutions and systems to remove the barriers on executive and managerial authority to act. Improving government performance and accountability to citizens requires leadership to empower employees by reducing rules, increasing discretion, and rewarding innovation. The performance measurement movement and its related performance management movement are public management trends of wide influence in state and local government that are both an adjunct to, and a reflection of those aspirations. Case studies of cities that have sought to develop and use performance measurement and engage citizens demonstrate great potential to improve governance and manage for results that citizens want. But even exemplary jurisdictions face challenges using evidence‐based, data‐driven performance management approaches. Promoting best practice requires better scholarship to understand the determinants of successful implementation, adoption, and use of performance measurement. The outcomes of performance management systems are generally unmeasured and little is known about their cost effectiveness or endurance over time. The promise is there, but our expectations should be tempered. 相似文献
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Jessica E. Sanger Ciarleglio M.A. Kristen M. Perez M.S. Haley L. Motola M.S. Elizabeth A. DiGangi Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2020,65(5):1698-1703
Dermestid beetles (Dermestes maculatus De Geer 1774) are small carrion insects characterized by a rounded or oval-shaped body and white abdomen with black markings. Given their natural propensity to consume soft tissue throughout various stages of decomposition, biological anthropologists have sought to use dermestids as a forensic processing method in addition to traditional chemical tissue removal techniques. Although useful, most of the existing academic literature regarding the upkeep of dermestid colonies for skeletal remains processing either lack specificity or are outdated. Additionally, nonacademic sources that contain information regarding dermestid maintenance are often disjointed, resulting in a difficulty to replicate habitat construction and ideal environmental conditions. Therefore, this technical note presents recommendations for anthropologists interested in establishing and maintaining a D. maculatus population. These recommendations are based on our experiences using several dermestid colonies to process five unembalmed human heads, procured from an anatomical gift company for a larger study on gunshot trauma. Aspects of the dermestids’ environment that are crucial for the management of a healthy colony include the type of bedding, food, water, and containment method used, in addition to maintaining appropriate temperature ranges (24–27°C) and humidity levels (35–73%). Although habitat construction and dermestid maintenance involve materials that are relatively inexpensive and readily available, setting up and maintaining a D. maculatus colony can be laborious and time consuming and should only be undertaken when the volume of casework is such that this investment would be offset. 相似文献
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The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below. Key points
1. Introduction
Scholarship describes professionals who participate in securitiesofferings, and who represent public companies in . . . [Full Text of this Article]
2. Background
3. Modelling law firm impact in IPOs
Theories of IPO pricing Relationship between pre-IPO price adjustment and diligence in legal services Extension of Hanley's model Conservative modelonly a portion of the impact is identified Issuer's counsel v underwriters counsel Confirming proper model specification Increased risk of an investment in the issuer affecting probability of engagement of quality law firm Different signs between issuer's lawyer and underwriters lawyer
4. Data
Summary statistics Measure of law firm prestige
- The article investigates the relationship betweenpricing in an initial public offering (IPO) and the prestigeof the participating underwriters law firm.
- The hypothesisof the article is that law firm quality affects how law firmsperform their obligations in IPOsmore prestigious lawfirms acting more independently. Consistent with this hypothesis,the authors find a negative relationship between pre-IPO priceadjustment and the participation of prestigious underwriterscounsel, and a negative relationship between the participationof prestigious underwriters counsel and initial return,which is consistent with market trading reflecting the decreasedrisk associated with offerings involving prestigious underwriterscounsel.
- Finally, it is found that certain observable characteristicsindicating diminished likelihood of undisclosed negative information(venture backing and quality of the issuer's counsel) are associatedwith an increased likelihood that prestigious underwriterscounsel is used.