Identification of sperm on the spots located on material evidences using solid phase enzyme immunoassay with human prostate-specific antigen

It is shown that for verification of human sperm presence on the spots on material evidence it is feasible to apply solid phase enzyme immunoassay (EIA) with the kit "PSA-EIA-BEST T-8458" which is used in clinical practice for diagnosis of prostatic cancer and some other diseases. The method is specific and highly sensitive, convenient for objective registration and computer processing. It is also cost-effective and provides not only significant identification of sperm on the exhibits but also its human origin in complete absence of spermatozoa on the spot.     

ORGANIZING FOR EU IMPLEMENTATION: THE EUROPEANIZATION OF GOVERNMENT MINISTRIES IN ESTONIA,POLAND, AND SLOVENIA

Do different levels of exposure to EU law implementation have consequences for the organization of national ministries? Previous accounts suggest that European integration has little influence on the ‘hardware’ of member state administrations. Data covering the organization of 21 ministries in Estonia, Poland, and Slovenia show the Europeanization effect to be more pronounced than might be expected. Ministries responsible for transposing many EU directives tend to institutionalize centralized oversight in legislative planning, review, and monitoring; ministries with few implementation responsibilities rarely make such adaptations. This effect holds when one controls for the impact of partisan preferences and organizational conventions. The results offer a counterpoint to the studies of old member states that find little EU effect on the organization of domestic ministries.