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Abstract: Consumer complaints received by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in August 2010 about raw organic almonds tasting “bitter” opened an investigation into the presence of bitter almonds in the imported product. Bitter almonds (Prunus amygdalus) contain the cyanogenic glucoside amygdalin, which hydrolyzes to produce cyanide. Ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry was used to detect and quantitate cyanide, and liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry was utilized to detect amygdalin in the submitted samples. Control bitter almonds were found to contain 1.4 mg cyanide/g and an estimated level of 20–25 mg amygdalin/g. The questioned samples contained between 14 and 42 μg cyanide/g and were positive for the presence of amygdalin. Sweet almonds were found to be negative for both compounds, at levels of detection of 4 μg cyanide/g and 200 μg amygdalin/g. 相似文献
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School Climate for Transgender Youth: A Mixed Method Investigation of Student Experiences and School Responses 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Jenifer K. McGuire Charles R. Anderson Russell B. Toomey Stephen T. Russell 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2010,39(10):1175-1188
Transgender youth experience negative school environments and may not benefit directly from interventions defined to support
Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual (LGB) youth. This study utilized a multi-method approach to consider the issues that transgender
students encounter in school environments. Using data from two studies, survey data (total n = 2260, 68 transgender youth) from study 1 and focus groups (n = 35) from study 2, we examine transgender youth’s experience of school harassment, school strategies implemented to reduce
harassment, the protective role of supportive school personnel, and individual responses to harassment, including dropping
out and changing schools. In both studies, we found that school harassment due to transgender identity was pervasive, and
this harassment was negatively associated with feelings of safety. When schools took action to reduce harassment, students
reported greater connections to school personnel. Those connections were associated with greater feelings of safety. The indirect
effects of school strategies to reduce harassment on feelings of safety through connection to adults were also significant.
Focus group data illuminate specific processes schools can engage in to benefit youth, and how the youth experience those
interventions. 相似文献
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Toomey Russell B. Syvertsen Amy K. Flores Melissa 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2019,48(4):788-801
Journal of Youth and Adolescence - Sexual orientation disparities in suicide behavior are well-documented. Yet, few studies have examined how developmental assets – key values,... 相似文献
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