关于我国农村社会组织问题研究的几点思考

当代中国农村社会组织问题研究,具有重要的理论和实践意义.目前的研究方法大致可概括为:以田野调查研究农村社会组织;以乡村治理视域研究农村社会组织;以法律视角探究农村社会组织.近代以来,中国农村社会组织的发生发展与当时社会的经济政治环境密切.基于此,研究当代中国农村社会组织应该有历史的维度,勇于探索,不断寻找新的途径.     

The Impact of Prenatal Exposure to Power Plant Emissions on Birth Weight: Evidence from a Pennsylvania Power Plant Located Upwind of New Jersey

To examine the infant health impact of prenatal exposure to power plant emissions, we draw scientific evidence on the impacted region downwind of a large polluter, a coal‐fired power plant located on the border of two states and proven to be the sole contributor to the violation of air quality standards of the impacted region. Our results show that among all live singleton births that occurred during 1990 through 2006, those born to mothers living as far as 20 to 30 miles away downwind from the power plant (which is also an affluent region) during pregnancy are at greater risks of low birth weight (LBW) and very low birth weight (VLBW): the likelihoods of LBW and VLBW could increase approximately by 6.50 and 17.12 percent, respectively. In light of the continual efforts of The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in reducing cross‐state air pollution caused by transboundary power plant emissions, our study is aimed at broadening the scope of cross‐border pollution impact analysis by taking into account adverse infant health effects of upwind polluters, which can impose disproportionate burdens of health risks on downwind states due to air pollutants transported by wind.     

Challenges for China's Reform of Government Procurement

China's reform of government procurement aims to promote greater prudence in expenditure management through introducing transparency, accountability, and competition into the procurement process. The reform can also be construed as China's effort to fulfill its commitment to the WTO. This paper examines the evolution of the reform and measures the success of the reform against three indicators: the amount of cost reduction, the coverage of procurement activities, and the degree of harmonization with the WTO Agreement of Government Procurement. This paper argues that the success of the reform has been limited by an array of factors, including the misconceptions of certain procurement officials and their malpractices in procurement processes, the poor capacities of some local governments in enforcing reform, structural deficiencies in the budget management system, and the lack of political will of both central and local authorities in spurring trade liberalization.     

创新“六五”普法 推进皖江示范区中心城市建设的几点思考

在推进法治建设新的历史条件下，安徽省迎来了千载难逢、具有里程碑意义的皖江城市带承接产业转移示范区中心城市（以下简称皖江示范区中心城市）建设这一全新时代，这是我市乃至安徽历史上第一个进入围家层面的战略规划。如何研究编制好“六五”普法规划，进一步寻求法制宣传教育和法治城市、法治县（市、区）创建等工作与中心任务的结合点，优化与我市经济社会发展相适应的法治环境，     

民法典中介合同的变革与理解——以委托合同与中介合同的参照适用关系为切入点

《民法典》中介合同章较之《合同法》居间合同章,增加了两个关键性的条文,并修改了个别条文的表述。中介合同参照适用委托合同规则的导入及其解读,与中介合同和委托合同内在关系定位密切相关。中介合同有别于委托合同,委托合同的规定并非全部可以"参照适用",应当根据中介合同的性质逐一分析判断。中介合同"禁止跳单"规则的导入,会与委托合同任意解除权制度的参照适用发生交错,面临报酬请求权构成抑或损害赔偿请求权构成之争。但即使可以参照适用委托合同任意解除,任意解除中介合同时可以肯定报酬请求权的,也仅仅限于构成"跳单"的情形,而不是所有的情形。     

The criminality of female narcotics addicts: A causal modeling approach

A longitudinal model was developed relating early deviance, narcotics use, and three types of income-generating crime (property crime, drug dealing, and prostitution) among female narcotics addicts during the first 2 years of the addiction career. The model was tested by a confirmatory structural equation analysis. Early deviance predicted subsequent property crime involvement. Stability across time was demonstrated for narcotics use, property crime, and drug dealing. Strong contemporaneous relationships among these constructs were found. These findings partially replicate patterns found in previous studies for male addicts. In contrast to male addicts, a positive, instead of negative, contemporaneous relationship was found between property crime and drug dealing activities. Between constructs, cross-lag effects were generally small and only that between property crime and later narcotics use was significant. Finally, prostitution was failed to be incorporated in the model. Further research is needed to elucidate the diverse economic support systems among women which may affect the drug-crime relationship.     

买卖不破租赁规则的法律效果——以契约地位承受模式为前提

合同法第229条确立的是"契约地位承受模式",并非消极的承租人对抗模式。应确立租赁标的物所有权变动的通知义务,以保障承租人的知情利益。原出租人预先收取租金时,应肯定标的物交付后受让人对于原出租人的不当得利请求权或返还原物请求权,承租人则得以对原出租人的清偿对抗受让人的租金请求。出租人预先出让了将来租金债权时,在解释论上应肯定将来债权受让人的优先性,标的物受让人所受的不利益则通过其他制度予以救济。对于出租人地位保留的问题,应认为未经承租人同意的保留不生其效力,但在立法论上可以考虑有条件地肯定其效力。押租金的问题,则应坚持押租金契约的从属性,新所有权人的返还债务并不以是否受有现实转交为条件。     

上市公司收购中股东权的保护

股东权的保护是公司制度存在的制度基础,作为公司法特别法或并行 法的证券法,也是股东权保护的重要法律渊源。必须坚持上市公司收购中股东权保 护的立法宗旨和基本原则,我国《证券法》中上市公司收购股东权保护问题上尚有诸 多不足,证券监督管理委员会应制定与“上市公司收购立法”相对应的条例,并不断予 以完善。     

风险负担规则与合同解除

学说和立法草案多有以合同解除制度吸收风险负担规则的主张,在我国司法实践中,两者的交错也带来了法律适用上的困惑。合同解除制度和风险负担规则具有各自的优势领域,解除一元论和并存模式是目前具有代表性的两种制度安排。在我国合同法采并存模式的背景下,风险由债务人负担时可择一适用,但需就解除权期间、清算关系中的诉讼时效、风险负担抗辩等问题作出特别处理。风险由债权人负担时应当否定债权人的解除权。瑕疵给付时的解除与风险负担应适用合同法第148条、第149条的规定,但在立法论上有重新斟酌的必要。持续性合同可类推适用租赁合同的规定或部分解除制度。清算关系中的风险分配可有限制地准用合同法第148条的规定。