An analysis of the fundamental tensions between copyright and social media: the legal implications of sharing images on Instagram

ABSTRACT

Copyright is inherently intertwined with the development of technology and none more so than the advent of the Internet and sharing technologies. More recently, social media platforms have become the latest challenge for copyright law and policy. This article builds on the literature that recognises the underlying conflict between copyright and social networking sites (SNSs); namely that the basic implication of copyright is the restriction of copying, whereas the ethos of social networking is the promotion of sharing. In particular, this article focuses on the disparity between the restricted acts of copying and communication to the public under copyright law and the encouragement of sharing on SNS Instagram. In doing so, it contextualises the debate surrounding copyright and social media and provides an understanding of the legal implications of using Instagram. As such this paper analyses (1) the infringement of copyright protected work on Instagram, and (2) the user-agreement and licensing of copyright material on Instagram. This study concludes that the disparity between the principles of copyright and social media lead to confusion and vulnerability of users. Therefore, it is suggested that Instagram should better inform its users of the implications of sharing third-party content as well as the terms of its user agreement. This could be done by implementing a copyright strategy, which includes a notice and takedown system as well as investing in producing educational content for users. Perhaps SNSs, such as Instagram might be more motivated to take steps to recognise intellectual property rights if they were considered Internet Services Provides such as YouTube.     

《中华人民共和国仲裁法》修改暨中国仲裁协会章程起草研究工作座谈会综述

国务院法制办于2006年4月18~20日在厦门主持召开了《仲裁法》修改暨中国仲裁协会章程起草研究工作座谈会。出席会议的有国务院法制办领导以及全国十几家仲裁机构的主要负责人等。与会代表围绕此次会议的两个主要议题积极发言,献计献策,最终形成了一个面向全国仲裁机构征求意见的《仲裁法》修改草案,并且初步完成了中国仲裁协会章程的起草工作,为进一步征求各方意见并最终成立协会做好了准备。     

自由主义理论中的《论自由》——J．S．密尔《论自由》读后

产生于17世纪英国的近代自由主义思潮和思想体系在西方社会流传最广、影响最深,已成为西方文化的一种很重要的传统.本文在西方自由主义发展的大背景下试着解读密尔的传世名著<论自由>,探究它在自由主义思潮源流中的地位和意义,并联系我国法治的实际谈了自由主义的现实意义.     

世界经济指标

表1:世界人口指标(1)前30位国家人口指标国家人口亿人排位比重%年均增长率 05年2000—2005年人口构成0—14岁 05年平均寿命男女2004年成人识字率 00—2004年中国13.05120.270.621707391印度10.95217.011.532636461美国2.9634.601.0217580..印度尼西亚2.2143.431.328666990巴西1.8652.891.428677589巴基斯坦1.5662.422.438646650俄罗斯联邦1.4372.22-0.415597299孟加拉国1.4282.211.9356364尼日利亚1.3292.052.3444344..日本1.28101.990.2147885..墨西哥1.03111.601.031737891菲律宾0.83121.291.935697393越南0.83131.291.130687390德…     

农林类专业毕业生就业信息收集筛选及分类

农林类专业毕业生就业过程中,因专业性强,就业信息的收集筛选及分类成为其就业成功的关键环节。探讨了农林类专业毕业生就业过程中信息收集的主要渠道及方法与原则。同时根据就业性质的不同,提出就业信息分类的建议。     

世界经济指标

表1:世界外国直接投资流入情况单位:亿美元区域/国家1994—1999年平均值2000年2001年2002年2003年2004年2005年世界54811409683226177557971089163发达经济体37391133759934412358539615423欧洲2204721639313142274121774336欧盟2103696138203071253721374219美国1249314015957     

褪黑素对内毒素血症山羊肝线粒体自由基代谢的影响

为探讨褪黑素对内毒素血症山羊肝线粒体自由基代谢的影响,将48只山羊随机分为4组,生理盐水组(NS组)、内毒素组(LPS组,1 mg/kg)、褪黑素组(MT组,1 mg/kg)和褪黑素保护组(MT LPS组),每组分别在处理后第3和6 h各宰杀6只羊,取肝组织,提取肝线粒体,检测肝线粒体中超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量的变化。结果显示,内毒素血症时山羊肝线粒体中抗氧化酶的SOD、GSH-Px、GR和CAT活性降低,T-AOC活力下降,MDA含量明显增加,而褪黑素保护组肝线粒体抗氧化酶活性普遍回升,MDA含量明显下降。提示,褪黑素能减轻内毒素血症山羊因脂质过氧化造成的肝线粒体损伤,保护肝线粒体功能。