Influence of groove count on slip resistance using NTL test feet

In recent years, walkway slip-resistance testing with grooved NTL (Neolite Test Liners) has been the subject of research, as well as used in field investigation practices. Recent research shows that differences between non-grooved and grooved test feet do exist, especially under wet conditions. It is not known how the number of grooves influences the slip resistance. This study investigates the influence of groove count on slip resistance under both wet and dry conditions using the PIAST tribometer. Test feet with 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, and 15 grooves and a non-grooved test foot were used. Polished granite and vinyl composition tile were used as test surfaces. Results for both test surfaces show markedly higher slip resistance for increasing groove counts under wet conditions, while under dry conditions, the results show slight increases in slip resistance. Implications of these results are discussed.     

‘Intelligence,Public Confidence and Security’

Richard Gid Powers, Secrecy and Power: The Life of J. Edgar Hoover (New York: The Free Press, 1987). Pp. 624; $27.95.

Jeffrey Richelson, American Espionage and the Soviet Target (New York: William Morrow, 1987).

John Keegan, The Mask of Command (New York; Viking Penguin 1987). Pp. 368; $18.95.

Major General Rygor Slowikowski, In the Secret Service: The Lighting of the Torch (London: The Windrush Press, 1988). Pp. 285; £16.95.

Alexandre de Marenches and Christine Ockrent, The Evil Empire: The Third World War Now (London: Sidgwick &; Jackson, 1988), Pp. 224, £13.95

Robert Marshall, All the King's Men (London: Collins, 1988). Pp.314; £12.95. Brendan M. Murphy, Turncoat (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1987). Pp. 301; $19.95.

Ray Godson (ed.), Comparing Foreign Intelligence: The U.S., the USSR, the U.K. and the Third World (New York: Pergamon Brasseys, 1988), Pp. 157; $18.95.

Stephen J. Cimbala (ed.). Intelligence and Intelligence Policy in a Democratic Society (Dobbs Ferry, New York: Transnational Publishers Inc., 1987). Pp. 262. $37.50.     

Reconsidering the Effects of Bonding Social Capital: A Closer Look at Black Civil Society Institutions in America

Few studies consider how Putnam’s bridging and bonding social capital arguments apply to voluntary associations within American minority group communities. Consequently, I examine African-American civic groups to explore Putnam’s claims about the potential negative political effects of bonding social capital. In contrast to the bonding social capital thesis, I argue that black communal associations encourage African-Americans to be involved in a variety of mainstream civic and political activities that reach beyond their own group interests. Using the 1993–1994 National Black Politics Study I demonstrate that although black organizations are predominantly composed of African-Americans and work to advance their interests, these goals are not pursued at the expense of connecting blacks to others in the general polity.

MY GATEWAYTO THE WORLD

<正>A foreigner WeChats her way into life in China By Kylee MclntyreLast August,when all my paperwork was in place and it finally became clear to me that I was going to be working in China,I spent some time sitting alone in my kitchen,staring off into space because my life seemed too surreal.That period lasted for about 10 minutes,over which I slowly devolved into a state of panic.I didn't know the first thing about living in China.I immediately sent out a mass text to everyone I knew who'd spent even a little time in China.The responses came back almost instantaneously,telling me the same thing—get WeChat.I didn't know how a social media app was supposedly going to save my life,but then again,what did I know?It felt a little redundant downloading yet another messaging app in my kitchen in the     

The Manspreading Epidemic

<正>Miles(or kilometers)away from home,I find that it’s the similarities and not the differences between Beijing and my home country that strike me.Picture this.The wind from an incoming subway train ruffles your hair as you stand in line.As the doors open,your heart flutters—the subway is nearly empty!Eagerly,you take—no,you claim—your seat triumphantly and settle in for a leisurely trip.As     

Boxing Clever

<正>There are very few times in my life that I’ve managed to find myself in a bar at 8 a.m.on a Sunday,and yet,a few weekends ago,there I was,sitting on a bar stool,exhausted from very little sleep and extremely confused by all the sunlight pouring inappropriately in through the bar windows."You want a drink?"the bartender asked me."Do you have coffee?"I asked.He laughed and nodded.     

BUSINESS MARKET WATCH

Approved by the State Council, seven ministries on May 5 jointly promulgated the opinions on pushing forward medicine price reform. Previous market-oriented medicine price reform was once deemed a failure, primarily due to flawed administrative control. Without basic conditions for market-oriented pricing mechanisms in place, blindly pursuing marketization will turn out to be reckless and counterproductive,which may end up in the hands of related interest groups.