Etat européen ou Union européenne à vocation fédérale?

Le concept d'Etat européen appliqué à l'Union européenne est inappro-prié. Celui d'une Fédération européenne est plus adéquat. Ce choix est fondé sur l'analyse de la Communauté européenne depuis ses origines, puis de l'actuelle Union européenne issue de l'Acte unique européen et des traités de Maastricht et d'Amsterdam: la Fédération des Nations eu-ropéennes reflète bien mieux la réalité de l'intégration européenne. Le but de cet article est de faire la démonstration systématique de la vali-dité de ce choix en procédant de la façon suivante: Le pourquoi de l'inadéquation du concept d'Etat européen suivi de l'analyse des traits caractéristiques de l'Union européenne: institutions, acteurs et proces-sus de décision. La quête du Gral: l'innovation politique et le potentiel original de l'Union européenne tels qu'ils se dessinent dans les traités de Maastricht et d'Amsterdam.     

Population data on 14 STR loci from population of Serbia and Montenegro (new and renewed data)

A renewed and new population study of fourteen short tandem repeat loci (TH01, TPOX, CSF1P0, vWA, FES/FPS, F13A01, D13S317, D7S820, D16S539, LPL, F13B, CD4, D5S818 and D8S1179) were performed in a sample of 296-531 unrelated individuals from Serbia and Montenegro. Population data were compared to previously published data from Vojvodina province and neighboring Croatia.     

Identification of victims from two mass-graves in Serbia: a critical evaluation of classical markers of identity

Reliable identification of victims in mass graves is of humanitarian and human rights concern. Because mass graves in the former Yugoslavia usually contain an 'open' population of large numbers of unknown victims and therefore 'presumptive identifications' based on classical markers of identity are problematic, greater reliance is now made on blind matches between victim DNA and a database of donated blood DNA samples from family members of missing persons. Nevertheless, there will always remain a legal and social need to show good correspondence between a DNA-derived identification and classical markers of identity. Moreover, pathologists and anthropologists, who must continue to rely in much of their case work on classical methods, need to evaluate on an ongoing basis the goodness of fit between the two paradigms of identification. The Institute of Forensic Medicine and Laboratory for Anthropology in Belgrade participated in 2001 in the exhumation and identification of more than 300 bodies of Kosovar Albanians interred in two mass graves at Batajnica, near Belgrade, Serbia. Of these bodies, 136 were legally identified by the end of 2003 providing an opportunity for the forensic experts to evaluate their post-mortem findings of classical markers of identity. Sex and age at death of young to middle-aged adults were reliably determined but old adults were markedly under-aged. Stature was reconstructed reliably in 77% of cases. Dental status contributed little to identification efforts. In no case did classical markers of identity require rejection of the DNA-based identification. It is concluded that: sex determination from pelvic bones is very reliable, as are age at death estimates from pelvic and rib standards for young to middle-aged adults but that uncertainty intervals for age at death in older adults be broadened or refined by creation of local osteological standards.     

Human Y-specific STR haplotypes in population of Serbia and Montenegro

Nine Y chromosome short tandem repeat (STR) loci (DYS19, DYS385, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392 and DYS393) were analyzed in group of 237 unrelated healthy males from population of Serbia and Montenegro in order to assess the frequencies of Y haplotypes. We observed 174 different haplotypes of which 146 (61.6%) were seen only once. Y-STR allelic frequencies in Serbia and Montenegro, in general, correspond to other European populations, except for the DYS19, DYS385 and DYS389II loci.     

An unusual suicide case by combination of choking and hanging

ABSTRACT: A 40-year-old man was found dead in his prison cell, hanging on a twisted bandage tightened around his neck. His permanent metal tracheostomy tube was completely corked with a piece of paper wrapped with transparent cellophane from a cigarette case. After police investigation and complete autopsy, suicide was determined as the manner of death. Although suicides by 1 form of asphyxia are relatively common, combination of several different forms of asphyxia is far less frequent. We present this unusual and very rare case of suicide by combination of 2 forms of asphyxia, that is, choking and hanging, along with autopsy findings and discussion.