The development language: BPL category and the poverty discourse in contemporary India

The paper highlights the complex relationship between development and language and argues that poverty as a condition of underdevelopment is materialized in representation. Instead of limiting the scope of the topic to the rhetorical aspects of development thought, it is proposed that development language produces a specific reality of poverty while writing about it. Using a post-structuralist framework and drawing from various Planning Commission reports on poverty lines, the paper goes on to implicate these reports in the production of authoritative knowledge and the elision of the poor. Through the identification of the cut-off line, which distinguishes the poor from the non-poor, these reports control our ways of knowing and suspend our ability to imagine poverty in any non-institutional manner. Such representation not only omits poor’s everyday experience and converts poverty as experience to poverty as knowledge, but also predicates its objectivity on such elision. The paper also highlights the slippages and contradictions in these reports, and shows how in the seeming inevitability of poverty knowledge, people find innovative ways to appropriate and disrupt it.     

Emerging trend set by a start‐ups on Indian online education system: A case of Byju's

The study is aimed at exploring the growth of Byju's Market in K12, which has brought new and emerging trends in the field of education, especially e‐learning has been made easy through visualized, animated video, and audio classes for grades 4th to 12th especially for mathematics and science subjects. It also extends its courses for CAT, JEE, NEET, and IAS. The objective of the study is to describe the growth of this startup to unicorn and becoming one of the most valued startup in India standing in the 4th spot. The founder of Byju's wish to make the Indian education like what the Mouse House did for entertainment. The study focused with comparison of fellow rival brands along with their SWOT analysis, purely based on secondary and behavioral data which was collected from available websites, rating agencies, articles, and case study of Harvard Business School, which were published in newspapers by different personalities. There is high scope for the project in future for researchers in this industry.     

How gendered is Gender and Development? Culture,masculinity, and gender difference

Gender studies in general, and Gender and Development (GAD) in particular, through their belief in a cultural conditioning of gender behaviour, use the idea of ‘culture’ in a restrictive sense which perpetuates a conceptual difference between men and women, and also between First World and Third World women. There is a tendency among gender experts to magnify the difference between men and women, and categorise them into two radically different realms. This article argues for a gender project based on the idea of culture as lived experience. It approaches gender not as a category of exclusion but as a problematic construct that is constantly restructuring itself.