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The mutually beneficial connection between industries and the governments that regulate them is the subject of a large literature led by Stigler (1971). What has not been studied is how firms choose their desired policies from the set including entry barriers, price floors, subsidies, and demand stimulation. We take as given that government and incumbents from the supply and demand for regulation and explore the choice of political product. 相似文献
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Observations of New Generation, podularldirect supervision jail operations indicate that the innovative architectural design and inmate management style provide a safer, more humane environment for inmates while concurrently reducing opportunities for inmates to illegitimately fulfill their needs. In the first part of this paper, we demonstrate how differences in New Generation and traditional jail architecture and operations influence the legitimate and illegitimate means by which inmates seek to fulfill their needs. Using data collected from New Generation and traditional jails, we then compare inmate perceptions of need fulfillment, evaluations of the environment and levels of stress. 相似文献
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Mark A. Zupan 《Public Choice》1992,73(3):351-361
Several observations can be made concerning the data presented in the preceding tables. First, as one might expect, not all Democratic or Republican presidents are alike. As shown in Table 3, John Kennedy has a higher cumulative pro-ADA rating than does Lyndon Johnson than does Jimmy Carter. On the Republican side, Dwight Eisenhower comes in at roughly the middle of the ADA liberal/conservative ideological spectrum and considerably to the left of both Ronald Reagan and George Bush.Second, while there appear to be significant differences between the ideological preferences of presidents from the same party, the correlation between a president's annual or cumulative pro-ADA percentage and a dummy variable reflecting the party of the president (Democrats equal unity, Republicans equal zero) is still fairly high. For example, the correlation between the nine post-World War II presidents' cumulative pro-ADA percentages (Table 3) and a party dummy variable is 0.93. The correlation between presidents' annual pro-ADA percentages (Table 2) and a party dummy variable is 0.87. Thus, while a dummy variable reflecting the party of a president may not be the most preferred measure of presidents' ideological preferences, such a variable may be a reasonably accurate substitute for the pro-ADA percentages reported in Tables 2 and 3. 相似文献
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Legislators in a representative democracy are modeled as being able to allocate a fixed amount of effort between two objectives: national policymaking and local benefit-seeking. The model predicts that the effort allocated to local benefit-seeking should be a negative function of the population size of a legislator's constituency. We empirically test and confirm this prediction by examining the manner in which United States senators allocate their personal staff between home state and Washington D.C. offices. 相似文献
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This article addresses the extent to which an offender’s sex and the type of offense influences decisions made by prosecuting
attorneys in criminal cases. Prosecutors in one south-eastern state were asked to decide initial charging, plea negotiations,
and sentence recommendations in two hypothetical crime scenarios. The first scenario depicted a gender-neutral crime; the
second described a traditionally masculine crime. The sex of the offenders was varied in two different versions of the scenarios.
The findings reveal that prosecutors treated the male and female offenders differently. In particular, prosecutors recommended
harsher sentences for the female offender, regardless of the type of offense.
Authors are listed in alphabetical order. 相似文献
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The recent introduction of the New Generation, podular/direct supervision philosophy of jail architecture and inmate management dramatically changes the nature and design of the work performed by custodial staff. In particular, the new philosophy has the potential to "enrich" the job of correctional officers. Using before and after data gathered a t one institution, we address whether job enrichment is an outcome of the transition from traditional to podular/direct supervision detention facility design, and whether enrichment of the job affects employee perceptions of the work and of the organization. 相似文献