The Impact of Emotional Disturbances on the Arrest Trajectories of Youth as They Transition into Young Adulthood

This article identifies the arrest trajectories of youth from ages 12 through 24 years old and tests hypotheses derived from Moffitt’s developmental taxonomic theory of crime concerning the impact of various emotional disturbances on the specific trajectories of the youth involved. The study uses exclusively administrative data sets and includes a gender and racially diverse sample of 10,360 youth (30.7 % females) who were arrested at least once between ages 12 and 24 in the early 2000s. Latent class growth analysis was employed in order to identify distinct arrest trajectories of youth in the sample. Multinomial logistic regression was used to identify diagnostic and other characteristics associated with membership in the specific trajectories predicted by Moffitt’s theory. Five trajectory classes were identified, 3 of which were consistent with taxonomic theory including high and classic adolescence limited trajectory classes and a “snared adolescence limited class” described more recently by Moffitt. The distribution of youth among the 5 classes was very different for those with and without emotional disturbances. Youth with emotional disturbances in their late adolescent years were more likely to fall into the high arrest trajectory class and much less likely to fall into the low arrest trajectory class. Compared to youth without an emotional disturbance, youth with psychotic disorders were more than twice as likely to fall into the high as into the low arrest trajectory class. Youth with disruptive behavior disorders were more than twice as likely to fall into the high and intermediate classes as into the low trajectory class. Anxiety and depressive disorders were not associated with significantly greater likelihood of falling into any one of the trajectory classes. Youth in the snared adolescence limited class were more likely than those in the classic adolescence limited class to be male, black versus white and in the foster care enrollment category lending some support to Moffitt’s conceptualization of this class as an adolescence limited class composed of youth who are snared by involvement in the criminal justice and or social services systems. Implications of these results for public policy and the study of adolescence are discussed.     

A Tri-Directional Examination of Parental Personality,Parenting Behaviors,and Contextual Factors in Influencing Adolescent Behavioral Outcomes

Journal of Youth and Adolescence - Links between parental personality, parenting, and adolescent behavior have been well established. However, extant research is limited by the sole focus on...     

Harold Macmillan and the 1962 champs meeting

John Turner, Macmillan (London: Longman, 1994), 302 pp. £14.50. ISBN 0-582-55386-5 (PPR).

Richard Lamb, The Macmillan Years 1957-1963: The Emerging Truth (London: John Murray, 1995), 545 pp. £25. ISBN 0-7195-5392 X.

Richard Aldous and Sabine Lee (eds.), Harold Macmillan and Britain's World Role (London: Macmillan, 1996), 161 pp. £45. ISBN 0-333-63053-X.

Wolfram Kaiser, Using Europe, Abusing the Europeans: Britain and European Integration, 1945-63 (London: Macmillan, 1996), 274 pp. £42.50. ISBN 0-333-64942-7.     

Military professionals as political governors: A case study of contemporary Greece

In this article we attempt to measure the performance of the Greek military with regard to social change. Using Eckstein and Gurr's model of regime performance—consisting of four variables we hypothesised that military professionalism did not provide the military governors with the necessary political skills to become effective agents of social change. Our analysis, based on interview data supplemented with socio‐economic indicators of the years of military rule (1966–74), led us to the conclusion that aspects of military professionalism, at least in the case of Greece, prevented the military regime from performing well and thus hampered its ability to generate social change.     

The European Union and Greece: Political Acceptability and Financial Transfers

In this paper a conceptual model is developed that relates loyalty to a community of countries to the material benefits derived from it, measured by the transfer of extra income. We argue that the extent of a country's welfare, and consequently its acceptance to participate in a community increase together with the latter's scope for influence on the former. We use the paradigm of Greece, which is one of the main recipient countries in the EU. It was found that financial transfers concerning regional policy affect in the long-run 'the acceptance of European integration' by the public in Greece while social policy funds appear to have short-run positive effects on public opinion.     

Enhanced genotoxicity by melphalan and hyperthermia in chronic heroin addicts.

Spontaneous melphalan- (MEL-) and MEL-hyperthermia- (MEL-HYP-) induced sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequencies have been studied in 12 chronic heroin addicts (HER AD) and in 12 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The incidence of spontaneous SCEs in lymphocytes from the HER AD was significantly greater (P less than 0.001) than those from the control subjects. When exposed to MEL in vitro, cells from both groups showed an increase in SCE frequency with yields from HER AD higher than those from controls. When exposed to MEL and hyperthermia (41.5 degrees C for 3 h) in vitro, cells from both groups showed further increases in SCE frequency with yields from HER AD higher than those from controls. We observed that hyperthermia (HYP) in combination with MEL synergistically enhances SCEs and cell division delays in both groups, with the synergistic effects in cells from HER AD higher than those from controls.     

Enhanced genotoxicity by melphalan and hyperthermia in chronic heroin addicts

Spontaneous melphalan- (MEL-) and MEL-hyperthermia- (MEL-HYP-) induced sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequencies have been studied in 12 chronic heroin addicts (HER AD) and in 12 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The incidence of spontaneous SCEs in lymphocytes from the HER AD was significantly greater (P < 0.001) than those from the control subjects. When exposed to MEL in vitro, cells from both groups showed an increase in SCE frequency with yields from HER AD higher than those from controls. When exposed to MEL and hyperthermia (41.5°C for 3 h) in vitro, cells from both groups showed further increases in SCE frequency with yields from HER AD higher than those from controls. We observed that hyperthermia (HYP) in combination with MEL synergistically enhances SCEs and cell division delays in both groups, with the synergistic effects in cells from HER AD higher than those from controls.     

The detection of clandestine graves in an arid environment using thermal imaging deployed from an unmanned aerial vehicle

The Middle East is one of the world regions that has frequently suffered from armed conflicts that resulted in mass burials. However, the detection of clandestine graves in such an arid environment by deploying remote sensing payload on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has received little attention. The present study used a UAV equipped with a thermal sensor aimed at narrowing down the search area of possible gravesites in the arid climate of Kuwait. The enclosed research area, which includes both control and experimental mass graves, was imaged for 18 months. The variation in topsoil temperature and soil moisture between the graves and their surroundings was evaluated. The results of the analysis demonstrated the effectiveness of thermal imaging techniques in detecting heat produced from buried sheep carcasses and detecting the change in grave soil moisture for our research environment for 7 and 10 months, respectively. The buried animals significantly influenced the topsoil temperature (p = 0.044), while the height from which the images were captured had an insignificant effect on the measured temperature within the range tested (p = 0.985). Furthermore, there was a negative correlation (−0.359) between grave temperature and the calculated soil moisture. The results from these cost- and time-effective search methods presented in this study confirm their potential for the detection of burial sites in an arid environment.