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More with Less? Fiscal Decentralisation,Public Health Spending and Health Sector Performance 下载免费PDF全文
Helge Arends 《Swiss Political Science Review》2017,23(2):144-174
Decentralisation is considered a panacea for deficient public sector performance by many. However, recent trends of health sector recentralisation in several OECD countries suggest the opposite. Taking on a cross‐country perspective, I examine two hypotheses, namely that decentralisation leads to an increase in public health spending (H1) and to poor health sector outcomes (H2). The evidence I present suggests that decentralising spending tends to lead to larger public health sectors and to poorer health sector outcomes. However, decentralising tax authority has no effect on the size of the health sector and may actually have a positive effect on health sector performance. The broader lesson is that while general fiscal decentralisation research tends to imply that its conclusions are valid for all policy areas in a similar way, sector‐specific insights can reveal a more nuanced view on the consequences of fiscal decentralisation. 相似文献
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The goals of the Postvention Taskforce of the International Association for Suicide Prevention (IASP) are to increase awareness of postvention and survivor issues. One of the strategies is to organize meetings. We report on the 1st International Suicide Postvention Seminar, held as a 1-day preevent at the 11th European Symposium on Suicide and Suicidal Behavior in Portoroz, Slovenia, September 2006. The seminar provided a state of the art review of the postvention field, with plenary presentations on research, psychotherapeutic care, development of national networks, and of postvention materials. We summarize the presentations below. 相似文献
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Phillip L. Hammack Elisabeth Morgan Thompson Andrew Pilecki 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2009,38(7):867-883
Youth with same-sex desire undergo a process of narrative engagement as they construct configurations of identity that provide
meaning and coherence with available sexual taxonomies. This article presents a theoretical analysis and four case studies
centering on the relationship among context, desire, and identity for youth with same-sex desire. Through an interpretive,
holistic analysis of the personal narratives of youth, we examine the integration of same-sex desire, behavior, and identity
in the general life story and the selective appropriation of elements of “master narratives” of sexual identity development.
Narratives were characterized by challenges to integrate desire, behavior, and identity into a configuration that conformed
to the received sexual taxonomy. Implications for theory and further research on sexual identity development are discussed. 相似文献
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Annette Elisabeth Töller 《Politische Vierteljahresschrift》2007,48(1):66-96
During the last 15 years, a shift in the relationship between state and society has been identified that can be characterized by an overall “retreat of the state”. The increasing use of co-operative policy instruments that do both, supplement and replace traditional authoritative measures, is one of the relevant manifestations of this change. However, most recent developments in German environmental policy in general and product-related waste management policy in particular reveal that this is all but an unambiguous tendency. After years of predominantly co-operative policy-approaches, there seems to be a revival of the authoritative state. The article analyses the patterns of change and presents reasons. In doing so, it challenges the popular functionalist hypothesis assuming that co-operative approaches arise from the functional needs of modern policy problems. Quite the contrary, the article draws on institutional factors — the European law in particular — and on party politics for explaining the identified change. 相似文献
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Helge Berger 《Public Choice》1997,93(3-4):427-453
The German Bundesbank is frequently called the world's most independent and conservative central bank. Taking account of the path dependency of this reputation, both quantitative data and qualitative data on German central bank law and political conflicts are used to determine the factors that contributed to this reputation in the 1950s. It is shown that quantitative analysis has its limits and that law might be a misleading indicator in this respect. It is rather the analysis of policy conflicts between the Bundesbank and the government that yields information on the bank's path to independence. 相似文献
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Elisabeth Paul 《Development in Practice》2005,15(2):134-150
This article identifies the need for an appropriate methodology for evaluating Fair Trade, given that most evaluations to date have been in-house or commissioned reviews and hence have not followed a consistent approach. Focusing on the development aspects of Fair Trade, the article reviews a range of impact evaluation methods and presents a detailed methodology for analysing Fair Trade. This methodology incorporates standard project evaluation criteria and is based on a wide range of proven methods for collecting and analysing data, principally qualitative but also quantitative. This framework is a modular package from which practitioners may select according to their needs and means, while still retaining an overarching logic. The article illustrates its use by reference to evaluations undertaken in Costa Rica, Ghana, Nicaragua, and Tanzania. The approach allows for a comprehensive understanding of Fair Trade programmes and enables these to be compared with conventional development projects. 相似文献