Local governments’ environmental emphasis and corporate green innovation: evidence from China

Economic Change and Restructuring - To study the effect of green industrial policies comprehensively, this paper takes uses a sample of Chinese Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed companies from...     

收入平等的制度基础:主体行为的视角

制度广义上包括个体的思想意识和政府的政策规定。缓解收入不平等,既应注重微观个体的意识重构,又应侧重政府层面的政策设计,因此,从主体行为的角度分析收入分配结构的调整和经济发展方式的转变是一种涉及制度基础的、追根溯源式的创新性尝试。文章的观点是:第一,缓解收入不平等应遵循一种“合理有效的平等机制”,即经济个体都可以而且应该充分利用其所拥有的和可获得的资源禀赋,去实现自由发展;第二,在不同收入阶层中,低收入者既应合理地看待不平等现象,又应通过积极努力以实现向上流动;高收入者则应有效地降低社会阶层间的心理割裂,同时又应主动地补偿低收入者的资源耗损;第三,政府应设计并遵循“合理有效的平等机制”,应搭建经济个体充分发挥资源禀赋的发展平台。     

什么样的“闹大”成功了?--基于40个案例的定性比较分析

社会中层出不穷的"闹大"是公共治理状况的一面"镜子",也是转型时期政策议程建构的重要路径。本文采用清晰集定性比较分析(csQCA),对2003-2019年发生的40个"闹大"案例进行比较研究。研究结果表明,上级(层)政府支持是"闹大"成功的必要条件。推动"闹大"成功的充分条件组合共有八种,可具体归纳为制度框架使用模式、集体施压模式、专家引导模式和暴力强推模式等四种解释模型。公民"闹大"成功是多个条件组合的结果,在核心条件发挥基础作用的前提下,适当的辅助条件更容易触发政策议程,推动问题解决。文章为公民"闹大"的行动逻辑提供了新的因果解释机制,也为理解形形色色的"闹大"现象提供了新的理论工具。     

德国宪法史上的一次二元民主制探索及其思想意义

作为十一月革命产物的魏玛制宪面临着两难困境,革命后的国际国内政治环境倒逼德国民主化,然而,无论“作为政治观念的民主”还是“作为统治形式的民主”,在德国都缺少历史与社会根基,魏玛制宪能依凭的民主传统与思想资源非常单薄。以民主主义政治理论家普罗伊斯为灵魂人物的制宪者代表德国人民作出一个根本政治决断,即为了德国免于苏维埃化就必须立即建立以议会民主制为根基的“人民国家”。为回应国内反议会民主制的强大政治意见,制宪者又引入全民公投与直选总统这两种准民粹主义民主制。魏玛宪法由此呈现出古典代议制民主与民粹主义民主并置的二元民主制模式。这个模式被认为是魏玛宪法的结构性缺陷和德国首个民主共和政体失败的宪制原因之一。德国宪制史上经历的民主制度与民主思想争锋,作为产生了世界性正反历史影响的典型事态,对当代思考宪法与议会制民主、民粹式民主、防御性民主的复杂关系,界定民主宪制的规范语义场依旧有镜鉴意义。     

Observer determination of the make,model, and year of questioned vehicles

Often, criminal acts involving a vehicle are caught on digital video surveillance systems. While potentially useful for an investigation, the recording conditions are typically less than optimal for the extraction of key information for the identification of the perpetrator, such as a license plate. Providing the make, model and year of a questioned vehicle is a common request for examiners, to narrow the field of potential suspect vehicles. This study seeks to compare the performance of a nonpeer-reviewed make, model, and year determination between two separate groups, specifically, trained forensic image examiners and nontrained individuals. Results show that even with varied image capture conditions and quality, the trained forensic image examiners more correctly and completely identified the test group of questioned vehicles make, model, and year.     

Psychopathy and Female Gender: Phenotypic Expression and Comorbidity; A Study Comparing a Sample of Women Hospitalized in Italy's Maximum Security Facility with Women Who were Criminally Sentenced and Imprisoned,

Various studies have shown that women with psychopathy tend to commit crimes that are less violent than those of psychopathic men. The present study was designed to address the influence of psychopathy on the crimes committed by female offenders. A national sample of female offenders found NGRI or of diminished responsibility and at risk for criminal recidivism (OPG patients) was compared with a sample of female offenders who were convicted and imprisoned. Results of this comparison between the two groups of female offenders indicate that psychopathy is a transversal psychopathological dimension which may or may not be associated with other mental disorders. In both samples, the most commonly reported offenses among women with high PCL‐R scores were minor offenses, not particularly violent, but they appear to be related to typical psychopathic features such as superficial charm, pathological lying, and manipulation.     

Forensic Application of Analytical Mechanics in Fatal Fall From a Height

Fatal fall from a height initiated with a swinging motion on the sagittal plane of the victim's body is examined. Method of analytical mechanics is adopted to establish the functional relations between the swinging angle of the body and the force needed to sustain the body until release, and the amount of the horizontal displacement that would occur after release. The analysis is applied to support an expert opinion presented in a criminal court in which two accused were convicted of murder for dropping a female victim from a bridge. The results indicate that it is unlikely for the body to locate as recorded by the police investigation report in the case. This study demonstrates that a straightforward mechanical analysis can be utilized to examine uncommon falling scenarios.     

Child Sexual Abuse Perpetrated by Women: Case Series and Review of the Literature

The literature on child sexual abuse (CSA) perpetrated by female sexual offenders (FSOs) is exiguous, and many studies have focused on judicial databases. The present retrospective study, instead, analyzed clinical and judicial data of a group of both victims and alleged FSOs, to additionally include women who have not been convicted by the criminal justice system, but who hold strong clinical suspicions of being perpetrators of CSA. The medical records and the Court files of 11 children and their eight suspected FSOs have been collected and critically reviewed in light of the literature to date. This approach allowed for a deeper understanding of the relationship between child and FSO. The authors hypothesize that the victims’ severe psychopathological outcomes were a result of a failure to develop appropriate attachments with their prospective caregivers, which could have been damaged by the pathological relationship with FSOs, who were the victims’ caregivers.     

“微时代”青少年法治素养存在的问题及提升路径

"微时代"是建立在互联网基础上以"微媒体"为特征的社会。"微时代"青少年法治素养出现了诸多新的特点,集中体现了新时代背景下青少年法治素养发展的趋势,同时也凸显了青少年法治素养存在的新问题。针对这些问题,必须从立法、执法、网络监管等层面强化治理能力,切实提高青少年的法治素养水准。