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The authors examined patterns and correlates of offender specialization versus versatility, or more random offenses, among 206 at-risk men. Both official records and self-report data of offending from late childhood to ages 31–32 years old were used. Aggregate- and individual-level analyses indicated that the predominant offender pattern for this sample was versatility. Three correlates of offender versatility were examined (offense frequency, early onset, gang association). Aggregate-level findings consistently revealed offense frequency as a robust correlate of offender versatility, whereas individual-level findings differed among the three measures of offender versatility. The congruence of these findings with predictions from Patterson’s (1982) coercion model is discussed. 相似文献
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Research increasingly explores more complex relations of low self-control and context factors, such as structural constraints that limit behavioral lifestyle options, with violent victimization. The authors extend extant research by examining indirect effects of low self-control and family deviance on violent victimization via deviant lifestyles. The hypothesized full indirect effects model is tested for 233 African American and Hispanic 11th-grade students using latent variable analysis. Results offer strong support for the full indirect effects hypothesis. Results generally support the utility of an integrative framework that includes structural constraints arising from the family setting. 相似文献
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The effect of 1,2-indanedione,a latent fingerprint reagent on subsequent DNA profiling 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The compound 1,2-indanedione was recently introduced in our laboratory as an operational reagent for developing latent fingerprints on porous surfaces. As part of the reagent implementation, a study was carried out in order to determine whether either of the two operational 1,2-indanediones formulations interferes with further DNA profiling. Both formulations are based on HFE7100 solvent. One is acidic and the other neutral. In a controlled experiment, known donors attached stamps to envelopes by licking them. The stamped envelopes were initially treated with either one indanedione formulation or the other, and DNA was then extracted for STR typing. No differences were observed between the STR profiles obtained from treated and untreated stamps and envelopes, indicating that 1,2-indanedione does not adversely affect the extraction and subsequent amplification of the STRs examined. However, preliminary results indicate that potential DNA analysis depends on the time interval between the indanedione treatment and DNA extraction as no DNA can be recovered six days following treatment. For this reason, it is strongly recommended to extract DNA from treated items of evidence as soon as possible after indanedione treatment. 相似文献
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Gelatin lifter is widely used for recovering shoeprints from crime scenes. Dusty shoeprints removed from paper with loose fibers, cloth or plasterboard, might be concealed by the detached fibers. A novel technique to clean the gelatin lifter from the interfering contaminations, using adhesive lifters, was developed. The adhesive lifter is applied directly on the surface of the gelatin lifter, and is removed instantly. The adhesive lifter removes the upper layer of the attached material on the gelatin lifter. After removing the concealing material from the hidden imprint, the quality of the visualized imprint is improved. The cleaning process can be applied as many times as needed and the optimum number is different for each substrate. The small dust particles comprising the shoeprint remained attached to the sticky side of the gelatin lifter even though the adhesion force applied by the adhesive lifter is great. Repeating the procedure too many times could harm the quality of the print severely, yet the advantages of this method are greater than the risks of relocation of image quality reduction. 相似文献
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Two-dimensional dust shoeprints are often of very high resolution and contain unique features. Lifting these prints in the most effective method may contribute much to preserving these fine details. A research was conducted by experts from Israel and Switzerland to compare gelatin lifters and electrostatic lifters for lifting shoeprints. Several substrates were chosen, and on each material a set of dry dust shoeprints was made. A set of wet prints was made on paper as well. The shoeprints were approximately of the same quality, and the only variable was the nature of the material. On substrates indifferent to the method used, the preferable sequence was tested. Gelatin lifter was superior on most substrates and for wet prints. The superior sequence for using both methods is electrostatic lifting followed by gelatin lifter. 相似文献
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Almog J Sears VG Springer E Hewlett DF Walker S Wiesner S Lidor R Bahar E 《Journal of forensic sciences》2000,45(3):538-544
Benzo[f]ninhydrin was compared to ninhydrin for fingerprint development on paper. Overall, the performance of ninhydrin on exhibits was slightly better than that of benzo[f]ninhydrin. The significant advantages of the benzo[f]ninhydrin over ninhydrin were the much stronger fluorescence it gave after treatment with zinc salts and a slightly quicker reaction under ambient conditions. This fluorescence is, however, similar to that obtained with other reagents, such as DFO or ninhydrin analogs. These advantages apparently are not sufficient to justify regular usage of benzo[f]ninhydrin, especially when one considers its low solubility and high cost. 相似文献
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Margit Wiesner Rainer K. Silbereisen Karina Weichold 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2008,37(5):537-551
This study examined concurrent and lagged effects of deviant peer association on levels of alcohol use for distinctive trajectories
of drinking from ages 14–18 years, while controlling for age, paternal education, community size, and conduct problems. Longitudinal
data were available from a secondary data archive of male and female German adolescents (N = 1,619). Conditional latent growth mixture modeling analysis indicated consistent concurrent effects of deviant peer association
(specified as time-varying covariate) on alcohol use for the regular users group, but not any of the other drinking trajectory
groups. Very few lagged effects of deviant peers association on alcohol use were found, and thus the social influence hypothesis
received little empirical support. Overall, findings suggest the need to consider heterogeneity in the study of peer characteristics
and alcohol use for both male and female adolescents.
Dr. Margit Wiesner received her Doctoral degree in 1999 from the Friedrich Schiller University of Jena (Germany) and currently is Assistant Professor in the Department of Educational Psychology at the University of Houston. Research interests include developmental trajectories of offending and other problem behaviors, and psychosocial transitions during adolescence and young adulthood. Dr. Rainer K. Silbereisen received his Doctoral degree in 1975 from the Technical University of Berlin (Germany) and currently is Professor and Chair of the Department of Developmental Psychology at the Friedrich-Schiller-University (FSU) of Jena. He is also Director of the Center for Applied Developmental Science at FSU. His main research interests concern human development across the life-span, particularly concerning adolescence and early adulthood. He has directed several longitudinal projects on problem behavior in adolescence, effects of early adversities on the timing of psychosocial transitions, the impact of social change on adolescent development, acculturation among immigrants, and bio-behavioral aspects of adolescent development. Dr. Karina Weichold received her Doctoral degree in 2002 from the Friedrich Schiller University of Jena (Germany) and currently is Assistant Professor in the Department of Developmental Psychology at the Friedrich-Schiller-University (FSU) of Jena. Her research topics include adolescent alcohol consumption in times of social change, biopsychosocial mechanisms of maladaptation during puberty and adolescence, and interventions for adolescent problem behavior. 相似文献
Karina WeicholdEmail: |
Dr. Margit Wiesner received her Doctoral degree in 1999 from the Friedrich Schiller University of Jena (Germany) and currently is Assistant Professor in the Department of Educational Psychology at the University of Houston. Research interests include developmental trajectories of offending and other problem behaviors, and psychosocial transitions during adolescence and young adulthood. Dr. Rainer K. Silbereisen received his Doctoral degree in 1975 from the Technical University of Berlin (Germany) and currently is Professor and Chair of the Department of Developmental Psychology at the Friedrich-Schiller-University (FSU) of Jena. He is also Director of the Center for Applied Developmental Science at FSU. His main research interests concern human development across the life-span, particularly concerning adolescence and early adulthood. He has directed several longitudinal projects on problem behavior in adolescence, effects of early adversities on the timing of psychosocial transitions, the impact of social change on adolescent development, acculturation among immigrants, and bio-behavioral aspects of adolescent development. Dr. Karina Weichold received her Doctoral degree in 2002 from the Friedrich Schiller University of Jena (Germany) and currently is Assistant Professor in the Department of Developmental Psychology at the Friedrich-Schiller-University (FSU) of Jena. Her research topics include adolescent alcohol consumption in times of social change, biopsychosocial mechanisms of maladaptation during puberty and adolescence, and interventions for adolescent problem behavior. 相似文献
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Sarena Wiesner M.Sc. Elad Izraeli Ph.D. Yaron Shor M.Sc. Avi Domb Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2013,58(3):782-788
A method for lifting bloody footwear impressions using alginate casts and enhancing the lifted impressions with amido black is presented. On rough or dark substrates, background interferences may conceal significant details of footwear impressions. Illumination with alternative light sources and chemically enhancing the bloody footwear impressions may reveal additional details, but sometimes, lifting footwear impressions prior to enhancing is the only way to expose hidden details (by using blood reagents not adequate on the original). Several cast formulations were tested for lifting the footwear impressions. The best results were achieved using Aroma fine®. Enhancement of the footwear impressions was attempted with several reagents prior to lifting, during the casting process, and on the lifted footwear impressions. Applying amido black to footwear impressions lifted with alginate produced the sharpest and most detailed footwear impressions. Alginate castings followed by chemical enhancement with amido black may produce high‐quality footwear impressions for comparison. 相似文献
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Ziv Grimberg MSc Alex Zinger BScEng On Mero PhD Noam Sirota MSc Sarena Wiesner MSc 《Journal of forensic sciences》2023,68(2):655-666
Blood-contaminated shoeprints and footmarks contain valuable operational information as they may bind an individual who stepped in the crime scene with the incident and not merely with the location. As determining the age of a bloodstain remains a challenge, while processing the scene, it is difficult to determine whether the blood is completely, or partially, dry. Thus, executing a dye staining protocol may wash these marks away as they might still be soluble. However, to meet this challenge, it is possible to fix blood marks using heat. This study aims to find a solution for floor surfaces covered by heavier blood traces (shoeprints and footmarks). For this purpose, a new pseudo-operating device was constructed for examining the blood-fixing process of both mentioned trace types. Two trials were performed with depletion marks. The results revealed that fully developed fresh and heavily blood deposits were obtained by heating to 200°C for 7.5 min using the fixing device, followed by a staining protocol using amido black solution. The achieved sharp resolution of the examined bloody prints demonstrates that in certain cases the dehydration mechanism of heating is preferred over precipitating the proteins attributed to 5-sulfosalycilic acid; thus, reducing the risk of washing blood evidence while processing the crime scene. 相似文献