邓小平总结历史经验的方法论

邓小平在总结历史经验的过程中形成了独具特色的科学方法,这些科学方法主要有：遵循实事求是的思想路线,坚持辩证的思维方式,运用历史主义的分析方法,坚持维护人民根本利益的政治立场,具有面向世界的国际视角,依靠集体的智慧和力量,及时总结现实经验,重视总结反面经验等。     

Aortic Dissection and Sudden Unexpected Deaths: A Retrospective Study of 31 Forensic Autopsy Cases

Acute aortic dissection (AAD) is the most common cause of sudden unexpected death related to aortic diseases. A retrospective study of 31 sudden unexpected deaths caused by AAD was conducted at Xi'an Jiaotong University Forensic Center from 2001 to 2012. We summarized the forensic characteristics of AAD and assessed the clinically diagnostic accuracy of AAD. The characteristics of sudden unexpected death due to AAD were male predominant (male: female = 6.7:1), relatively young with the mean age of 44, and predominance of type A dissection (77.4%). Cardiac tamponade was the most frequent cause of sudden death (87.1%). Of the 31 cases, 26 (83.9%) patients were not recognized clinically and were misdiagnosed with acute myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, cholecystitis, acute gastroenteritis, renal/urinary lithiasis, or acute pancreatitis. In summary, AAD can be difficult to recognize, diagnosis is therefore sometimes delayed or missed. The medicolegal death investigation can help physicians have a better understanding of AAD.     

马克思恩格斯人民主体思想的逻辑进路

人作为现实规定中的自为存在物,现实性、能动性、自觉性、实践性是马克思恩格斯人民主体思想的逻辑起点,呈现的是人本质力量对象化的确证过程。资本逻辑视阈中人的主体性被消解、多元劳动诉求与多样价值需求相异化,超越资本逻辑、践行人的逻辑是修复人本异化、实现人民主体的逻辑中点。每个人的自由发展关联一切人的自由发展,人与人、人与自然、人与社会的真正和解是马克思恩格斯人民主体思想的逻辑旨归。历史主体、评价主体、价值主体反映人民话语,人民话语的现实表达是马克思恩格斯人民主体思想的逻辑延展。从逻辑缘起、逻辑中点、逻辑旨归、逻辑延展,层层递进,共同构成马克思主义人民主体思想的逻辑进路。