对农业析出劳动力若干问题的理论探讨

农业析出劳动力转移是三农问题中一个极其重要的问题。农业析出劳动力由四部分构成,其转移存在着经济结构、经济政策、经济发展状况等诸多不利因素。解决的对策应是实行城乡一元户籍制度、取消对进城农业析出劳动力的种种歧视性规定和不合理收费、调整农村产业结构、积极开拓国际劳务市场等。     

试论地域文化与地方高校特色办学

地域文化孕育和滋养了地方高校办学特色,为地方高校的学科建设、人才培养、服务社会、文化引领四大功能的实现,提供了强有力的精神指导和文化资源.地域文化为地方高校人文、自然学科建设提供丰富素材、创造有利条件.地域文化影响着地方高校人才培养目标的设定,丰富了人才培养的理念,引领着地方高校服务地方发展的层次和方向,潜移默化地熏陶着方高校校园文化.地方高校办学特色的进一步凝练和彰显以及四大功能的充分发挥,有效地传播、丰富并提升了地域文化的内涵,促使其不断创新和加快发展.     

家庭责任分担立法与中国女性平等工作权的实现

虽然男女平等分担家庭、工作场所的权利、权力和责任已成为世界范围内男女平等立法的重要原则,但有关男女平等分担家庭责任立法在我国至今为止还处于缺席的状态。这反映了性别本质主义和公私领域的二元划分对我国女性工作权立法的影响,也暴露了我国立法对女性地位和作用的忽视。男女平等分担家庭责任立法的缺失已成为妇女充分进入工作领域的一个障碍,也与目前国际范围内的女性工作权的立法趋势和理念相悖,中国女性平等工作权的实现呼唤中国男女平等分担家庭责任立法的早日出台。     

论"马克思主义中国化研究"二级学科建设

"马克思主义中国化研究"二级学科建设首先要把握其学科内涵,在此基础上明确研究方向,使研究方向既符合学科范畴的要求,又体现学科点的特色.学科建设的具体内容应包括导师队伍建设、科学研究建设、学术交流建设、培养制度建设等内容.同时, 在"马克思主义中国化研究"二级学科的建设过程中,还必须处理好四个关系:一是马克思主义中国化的进程与取得的理论成果之间的关系;二是"马克思主义中国化研究"与马克思主义发展史的关系;三是"马克思主义中国化研究"与马克思主义基本原理的关系;四是"马克思主义中国化研究"过程中整体性与分科性的关系.     

Application of HLA-DRB1 genotyping by oligonucleotide micro-array technology in forensic medicine

The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system is known to be the most complex polymorphic system in the human genome. Among all of the HLA loci, HLA-DRB1 has the second largest number of alleles. The purpose of this study is to develop an oligonucleotide micro-array based HLA-DRB1 typing system for use in forensic identification, anthropology, tissue transplantation, and other genetic research fields. The system was developed by analyzing the HLA-DRB1 (DRB1) genotypes in 1198 unrelated healthy Chinese Han individuals originating from various parts of China and residing in Shanghai, China. METHOD: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) coupled with the oligonucleotide micro-array technology was used to detect and type HLA-DRB1 alleles of the sample individuals. The reliability, sensitivity, consistency and specificity were evaluated for use in forensic identification. Furthermore, a meta-analysis was carried out by comparing the allele frequencies of the HLA-DRB1 locus with those of other Chinese Han groups, Chinese minorities and other ethnic populations. RESULTS: All the DNA samples yielded a 273 bp amplification product, with no other amplification products in this length range. The minimum quantity of DNA detected by this method is 15 ng in a PCR reaction system of 25 microl. The population studied appeared to be not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosity (He), expected probability of exclusion (PE), polymorphic information content (PIC), and discrimination power (DP) of the HLA-DRB1 locus from the Shanghai Han ethnic group were evaluated to be 0.8022, 0.8870, 0.7741, 0.8771, 0.9750, respectively. A total of 25 HLA-DRB1 alleles were identified. HLA-DRB1*09XX, *04XX, *12XX and *15XX were the most frequent DRB1 alleles, which were observed in 58.76% of the sample. One hundred and sixteen genotypes were found. The five most frequent genotypes were: *04XX/*04XX (0.0626), *09XX/*09XX (0.0593), *04XX/*09XX (0.0551), *09XX/*15XX (0.0384) and *08XX/*12XX (0.0351). The meta-analysis showed that there were uniquely distributed features of DRB1 alleles among various ethnic populations and among the studied population groups from various regions with the same ethnic origin. CONCLUSIONS: An HLA-DRB1 genotyping system has been developed and established based on the oligonucleotide micro-array technology. The HLA-DRB1 typing of the Han population in Shanghai has revealed a relatively high heterogeneity. Information obtained in this study will be useful for medical and forensic applications as well as in anthropology research. Large-scale micro-array detection is highly accurate and reliable for DNA-based HLA-DRB1 genotyping. These results suggest that HLA-DRB1 DNA polymorphisms and the database of the Shanghai Han group have useful applications in processing forensic casework (as personal identification, paternity test), tracing population migration and genetic diagnosis.     

分子印迹固相萃取法在血中苯丙胺类毒品分析中的应用

目的建立分子印迹固相萃取（MISPE）、GC/MS分析方法,用于血液中苯丙胺类毒品检测。方法 10mmol/L醋酸铵缓冲液（pH8.0）4倍稀释空白添加血液,1mL甲醇,1mL10mmol/L醋酸铵缓冲液（pH8.0）活化苯丙胺类分子印迹固相萃取柱;2×1mL去离子水、1mL60%的乙腈去离子水、1mL1%醋酸乙腈洗涤杂质;2×1mL1%甲酸/甲醇洗脱,洗脱液挥干定容,经GC/NPD、GC/MS分析检测。结果各种苯丙胺类毒品回收率均在90%以上,在20～5 000ng/mL浓度范围内线性关系良好,r2为0.995 7～0.998 9,LOQ在16～30ng/mL之间,LOD在8～15ng/mL之间。结论本方法回收率高,净化效果显著,稳定性好,杂质干扰少,可用于血液中低浓度苯丙胺类毒品的分析检测。     

录像制品性质初探

我国《著作权法》规定了影视作品和录像制品,并对它们分别赋予著作权与邻接权的保护。本文通过对基本概念的检视,发现现有录像制品的概念中暗藏矛盾,进一步分析产生这种矛盾的原因,同时重新审视了独创性标准和邻接权制度,提出可以尝试用视听作品的概念统一影视作品与录像制品。希冀在我国《著作权法》第三次修订进行调研工作的大背景之下,对重新定位著作权法中的录像制品提供一种有益的尝试。     

“三实”模拟教学法在公安院校警体教学培训中的创新实践与研究

为了改变公安院校警体课与在职民警教育培训的传统模式,笔者在教学培训中采用以"实情、实景、实例"形式为核心的方式组织教学即采用"三实"模拟教学法,并对传统教学法进行大胆地改革尝试。该教法注重实战应用,其教学理念就是"学以致用,以用促学,以学带战",将学生(学员)置身于仿真的实际工作场景中,让学生(学员)在"学中做、在练中学",教、学、练合一,手、口、脑并用。该教学法集情景教学、实践教学、案例教学等教学模式的优点于一身,是符合公安院校警体教学培训的现代教学模式。     

知识产权法制三十年

自改革开放以来,随着市场经济的发展、中外贸易的正常化以及新技术的挑战,我国知识产权法律体系日益完备。在执法方面,建立了完备的知识产权审判机构,完善了行政执法体系,确立了法院在知识产权保护中的主导地位,尝试了立体审判模式,执法力度逐步强化。在法学研究方面,出版了大批优秀教材、专著和译作,建立了一系列的研究交流平台,知识产权法学研究呈现出结构性变化,研究方法日渐多元。