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Kauppila TJ Flink A Haapala M Laakkonen UM Aalberg L Ketola RA Kostiainen R 《Forensic science international》2011,210(1-3):206-212
A comprehensive study was made, where desorption atmospheric pressure photoionization (DAPPI) was applied to the direct analysis of confiscated drugs and pharmaceuticals of various forms and matrices. The analyzed samples included herbal products [Catha edulis (khat), Psilocybe mushrooms, opium and Spice], designer drugs in tablet and powder form [e.g. meta-chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP), 3-fluoromethamphetamine (3-FMA), methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) and methylone], and anabolic steroids in oil and tablets. The analyses were performed with ion trap mass spectrometer in MS and MS(2) modes and the obtained spectra were compared with GC-MS results. Contamination of the mass spectrometer was avoided by careful adjustment of the distance of the sample from the mass spectrometer inlet. DAPPI proved to be a fast and specific analysis technique, which does not require any sample preparation, and which therefore suits well to this type of forensic analysis. 相似文献
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Two tribal populations of India, Bison Horn Maria and Muria from Bastar district of Madhya Pradesh in Central India were studied for DNA polymorphisms at tetranucleotide short tandem repeat (STR) loci (F13A01 and HUMvWA). A total of 63 random adult individuals for F13A01 locus and 53 samples for HUMvWA were analyzed in the present study. 相似文献
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Anu Pylkkänen 《Feminist Legal Studies》2007,15(3):289-306
This paper discusses the past and contemporary legal harmonisation exercises of family law in the Nordic countries and Europe.
The critique is that the harmonised ‹European family law’ only entrenches the status quo and reiterates traditional family
patterns, the male norm, heteronormativity, and a public/private divide represented in the neutral guise of a liberal rights
discourse. Furthermore, the critics point out that the political economy of legal harmonisation is, to a large extent, ignored.
In the Nordic countries, egalitarianism and broad political deliberation characterised much of the previous legal harmonisation,
whereas rights discourse in its liberal sense is a novelty, more or less triggered by the European integration. This paper
discusses the gendered implications of the emerging rights discourse in the Nordic countries and the linkages between family
law, the labour market and social welfare. The paper argues that the harmonisation exercise cannot be regarded as one consisting
only of legal norms and reasoning, but rather it should be discussed from the perspective of a political and epistemological
challenge to the prevailing ‹truths’ about marriage, family and sexuality. 相似文献
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Bathing in sauna is common in Finland, where there are approximately 2 million saunas among the population of 5.2 million. In this paper, deaths occurring while in a sauna in 1990-2002 in Finland were studied by analyzing police and forensic autopsy reports, death certificates, and toxicological results. The annual rate of death occurring while in a sauna was less than 2 per 100,000 inhabitants. Close to half (51%) of the cases were determined to be natural deaths and exposure to heat was the cause of death in 25%. Overall, 50% of all cases were under the influence of alcohol. The main conclusion is that death in the sauna is a rare event even in Finland where the frequency of sauna bathing is high. The role of alcohol as a risk factor has grown. The prevention of these deaths should focus on less drinking of alcohol and avoid leaving a drunken bather alone in the sauna. 相似文献
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Hongtao Yi Liming Suo Ruowen Shen Jiasheng Zhang Anu Ramaswami Richard C. Feiock 《Public administration review》2018,78(4):556-566
This research investigates why various mechanisms of cooperation among local authorities are chosen using the theoretical lens of institutional collective action (ICA). The article analyzes 564 local collaboration agreements drawn from four urban regions of China to explain the choices of environmental collaboration agreements among cities. Examples of three forms of interlocal agreements—informal, formal, and imposed agreements—are analyzed. Ordinal logistic regressions are estimated to test which factors predicted by the ICA framework influence the form of collaboration selected. The results indicate that the involvement of national or provincial government, the number of policy actors involved, heterogeneity of economic conditions, and differences in administrative level among the actors involved influence how collaboration agreements are structured. Examining the choice of agreement type contributes to the understanding of interlocal collaboration and provides practical insights for public managers to structure interlocal collaboration. 相似文献